《论语》中的骈偶现象

The phenomenon of parallelism in The Analects of Confucius

在先秦文学不自觉的时代,《论语》出现了一些骈偶句式,短则三言、四言、五言,长则六言、七言。这些骈偶现象并非刻意为之,它们可以追溯到商周史官的格言。同时,受先秦君子文化的影响,孔子在言谈中经常将君子和小人对举,使《论语》更加倾向于骈偶化。而七十子后学的整理促进其格言化的完善,亦是骈偶现象产生的重要原因。

During the Pre-Qin Period,in the wake of free literary forms,parallel sentences appeared in the Analects of Confucius with a length of three characters at least and seven characters at most.This spontaneous phenomenon could be traced back to the historian mottos in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.Influenced by the gentlemen culture in the Pre-Qin Period,Confucius often contrasted a gentleman with a small man,employing more parallel sentences in his speech.Moreover,the compilation of the sayings of Confucius’students perfected these parallel sentences and helped to promote parallelism.