溶瘤病毒抗肿瘤治疗的临床应用进展

Progress in clinical application of oncolytic virus in cancer treatment

近年来,以免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的肿瘤免疫疗法在抗肿瘤治疗中取得了较大成效。溶瘤病毒(oncolytic virus,OVs)疗法是治疗肿瘤的新方法,可能是肿瘤治疗领域的下一个重大突破点。OVs是天然的或基因修饰而成、有选择性复制能力的肿瘤杀伤型病毒,直接裂解肿瘤细胞,不损伤正常细胞。与病毒作为基因载体的疗法不同,OVs依靠病毒本身、作为活性药物试剂特异性地在肿瘤细胞中复制以裂解肿瘤细胞,裂解后释放的子代病毒可以感染周围的肿瘤细胞。随着分子生物学、病毒学、免疫学和基因工程等学科的发展,越来越多的研究关注OVs疗法,使人们对肿瘤发生、病毒复制及调控的分子机制有了更为深入地了解。本文主要介绍OVs以及OVs联合化疗、放疗和免疫治疗对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用与临床应用进展。

In recent years,immunotherapy,represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors,has achieved great success as an anti-tumor therapy.Oncolytic virus(OV)therapy is a new and promising approach for treating tumors,and it may be the next important breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment.OVs are natural or genetically modified viruses that are constructed to selectively replicate only in cancer cells.They directly lyse and kill cancer cells without damaging normal cells.Unlike therapy using a viral gene vector as the active drug reagent,OVs rely on themselves to replicate in and lyse tumor cells specifically.Moreover,the viral progeny released after cell lysis can infect surrounding tumor cells.With the advancements in molecular biology,virology,immunology,genetic engineering,and other disciplines,more and more research has been focusing on OV therapy,providing us with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and viral replication and regulation.This review mainly introduces the anti-tumor and clinical applications of OVs when used alone or combined with chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy.