装饰装修过程中污染物对工人的职业健康影响

Discussion on Influence of Pollutants on Workers’Occupational Health in the Decoration Process

建筑物的装修是生活水平提高的重要标志,早前的建筑物是为了满足生存的需求,采用的材料都是就地取材,来自于大自然中最简单环保的材料,但是随着科学技术的快速发展,人们对建筑物的要求不仅仅是停留在生活所必须上而是有了精神层面的追求。以前的装饰装修工程基本是出现在二类建筑物,例如宾馆、酒店、大商、商场等,现在装饰装修已经进入了寻常百姓家。一方面,装饰装修工程数量的急增;另一方面,装饰材料逐渐转换成了有美感的精致化学合成材料。装修工程数量的激增促使大量的工人涌入装饰装修行业,这些工人以初中文化水平较多,对污染概念模糊,自我保护意识薄弱,在装饰装修施工中时间久了会有或轻或重的职业健康病。尽管相关部门对装饰装修后室内空气质量有严格的规定且对检测和控制的体系都比较完善,对工人职业健康也出台了法规,但基于本人从事多年的装饰装修行业,发现在施工过程中还是会存在污染物对装修工人的健康的影响问题。本文通过概述有害污染物对人体的危害,给出在施工过程中的防护措施,旨在为广大的装饰装修工人的职业健康防护提供科学依据。

The decoration of buildings is an important sign of the improvement of living standards.The buildings in the early days are designed to meet the needs of survival.The materials used are all local materials,which are from the simplest natural materials.However,with the rapid development of science and technology,people’s requirements for buildings are not only to stay on the living necessities,but also have the spiritual pursuit.The former decoration projects are basically in the second class buildings,such as hotels,large businesses,shopping malls,while nowadays decoration has entered the ordinary people’s homes.On the one hand,the quantity of decoration projects is increasing rapidly,on the other hand,the decorative materials have gradually transformed into exquisite chemical synthetic materials with aesthetic feeling.The rapid increase in the number of decoration projects has prompted a large number of workers to rush into the decoration industry.These workers have lower education level,fuzzy pollution concept and weak self-protection awareness.Therefore they will suffer more or less from occupational health disease after working in decoration construction for a long time.Although the relevant departments have made strict regulations on indoor air quality after decoration, the system of inspection and control becomes relatively perfect, and regulations have been issued for workers’ occupational health, it is found that there will be some problems of pollution on the health of decoration workers during the construction based on the author’experience in decoration industry. This paper summarizes the harmness of harmful pollutants to human body, and proposes the protection measures in the construction process, aiming to provide scientific basis for the occupational health protection for the majority of decoration workers.