张掖乌氏考论

A Study on the Wu Clan of Zhangye

中唐时期名声显赫的张掖乌氏,当与中古时期东北的乌洛侯国无关,其族源当可追溯到西汉时期活动在河西的匈奴别部。汉晋时期,乌氏作为以匈奴为主、鲜卑为辅的赀虏的一小部分,长期活动在广义的河西地区。大约在初唐时,张掖乌氏迁往黄河以东、后来朔方军辖地;又于武后时,徙至河北北部,作为唐廷抵御契丹、奚族的前锋,多有功绩。当乌重胤显达后,出于社会地位的文化需求,以及摆脱与九姓胡的关联,乌氏一族刻意重申和拟构了自己的张掖郡望。但至唐末,可能由于年代久远、迁徙频繁导致乌氏姓源族属模糊,后世则因乌氏于幽蓟显达昌盛而误将其与乌洛侯联系到了一起。

The Wu Clan of Zhangye,which is famous in the middle Tang Dynasty,has nothing to do with the Wuluohou state in the northeast of the middle ancient times,and its group origin can be traced back to other parts of the Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty.During the Han and Jin Dynasties,Wu clan,as a small part of the Zilu(dominated by Xiongnu and supplemented by Xianbei),had long lived in Hexi area in a broad sense.Around the early Tang Dynasty,the Wu Clan of Zhangye moved to the east of the Yellow River and later to Shuofang’s military jurisdiction;and in the time of Wu Zetian,they moved to northern Hebei as the vanguard of the Tang Dynasty to resist the Khitan and Xi tribes.When Wu Chongyin became prominent,due to the cultural needs of social status and getting rid of the connection with the nine-surname-Hu,the Wu family deliberately reiterated and planned to construct their own Zhangye Junwang.However,by the end of the Tang Dynasty,the origin of Wu’s group was blurred due to its long age and frequent migration,and later generations mistakenly linked the Wu Clan of Zhangye with Wuluohou because of its prosperity in Youzhou and Jizhou.