2014-2018年乌鲁木齐市中小学校水痘疫情流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in primary and middle schools,Urumqi,Xinjiang,2014-2018

[目的]了解新疆乌鲁木齐市中小学校水痘的流行病学变化趋势,为中小学水痘的预防和控制提供依据。[方法]收集2014-2018年乌鲁木齐市中小学学校传染病防控信息管理系统中水痘疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析水痘的流行病学分布特征。[结果]2014-2018年乌鲁木齐市中小学校共报告水痘病例4910例,平均报告发病率290.73/10万。小学生所占比例最大为60.6%,初中生占27.4%,高中生占12.0%。男生2595例,女生2315例,性别比为1.12∶1。中小学生水痘发病报告季节特征较明显,每年2次发病高峰为3-6月和11-次年1月。2017-2018年初中生发病呈上升趋势。[结论]乌鲁木齐市水痘防控需强化小学阶段的疫情监测和健康教育工作。在水痘发病率高的区域,应结合实际情况重点防控,防止疫情蔓延和暴发。

[Objective]To evaluate the epidemiological trend of varicella(chickenpox)in Urumqi,this retrospective study was performed by using the school surveillance data between 2014 and 2018.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of varicella cases from school infectious disease prevention and control information management system from 2014 to 2018.[Results]A total of 4910 cases of varicella were reported in primary and secondary schools,with an average incidence of 290.73/100000 per year.Primary school students accounted for 60.6%,middle school students for 27.4%and high school students for 12.0%.Among them,there were 2595 boys and 2315 girls with sex ratio of 1.12∶1.Two seasonal peaks of varicella incidence were observed every year,from March to June and from November to January of next year.[Conclusion]Primary schools are the major places of varicella outbreak and should be the priority places for prevention and control,but the prevention and education in boarding schools should not be neglected.In areas with high incidence of varicella,it is vital to focus on prevention to avoid the infectious diseases spreading and outbreak.