引进大豆种质资源的适应性和遗传多样性分析

Adaptability and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Introduced Soybean Germplasm Resources

【目的】研究甘肃省引进大豆种质资源的遗传多样性,为大豆育种提供优异亲本。【方法】利用SPSS 17.0软件和R语言软件进行描述性统计、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,对国内外引进的417份大豆种质资源进行适应性和遗传多样性分析。【结果】417份大豆种质资源中有363份在甘肃中部地区能够正常成熟,折合产量最高为3901.65 kg/hm^(2),百粒重最高为42.71 g。16个表型性状遗传多样性指数介于0.0842~1.9160,变异系数在18.17%~35.70%,除子叶色外,其余性状间均存在一定程度的相关性。将363份种质划分为8个类别,甘肃省大豆种质与我国华北和黄淮地区大豆种质相似系数比较接近。【结论】引进大豆种质资源遗传多样性丰富,筛选出26份特异种质资源。

【Objective】To understand the genetic diversity and adaptability of introduced soybean germplasm resources from different countries in the hope of providing excellent parents for soybean breeding.【Method】SPSS 17.0 software and R language software were used for descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,and the adaptability and genetic diversity of 417 soybean germplasm resources introduced at home and abroad were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that 363 of the 417 soybean germplasm resources were able to mature normally in the central Gansu Province,with the highest yield of 3,901.65 kg/hm^(2) and the highest 100-seed weight of 42.71 g.The genetic diversity index of 16 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.084,2 to 1.916,0,and the coefficient of variation ranged from 18.17%to 35.70%.The phenotypic traits(except for cotyledon color)exhibited varying degrees of correlation.Through cluster analysis,363 germplasms were divided into 8 groups,and the similarity coefficient of soybean germplasm in Gansu Province was similar to that in Northern China and Huanghuai.【Conclusion】These soybean resources showed very rich polymorphisms and high genetic diversity,and 26 specific germplasm resources were preliminarily screened.