拉枝、环割(剥)对干旱荒漠区富士苹果成花坐果的影响

Effects of Branching and Ring-Cutting(Stripping)on Flowering and Fruit Setting of Fuji Apple in Arid Desert Area

【目的】研究拉枝、环割(剥)对干旱荒漠区富士苹果成花坐果的影响,为干旱荒漠区富士苹果促花促果技术的推广提供依据。【方法】以4年生富士苹果幼树为试材,采用拉枝+主枝环剥和拉枝+主枝、主干环割的方式促花促果。【结果】富士苹果幼树的树高较对照显著降低,冠径较对照显著减小,中心延长枝与主枝延长枝长度较对照显著缩短;1年生枝量分别是对照的1.99和2.59倍,短枝率分别比对照增加了20.87和23.42个百分点;单株成花率分别比对照增加了43.00和47.00个百分点,单株花芽量分别是对照的3.59和4.68倍,单株花序坐果率分别比对照增加了6.47和8.07个百分点;新梢叶片的叶长、叶宽及叶面积较对照显著减小,叶绿素SPAD值较对照显著降低。【结论】拉枝+主枝环剥和拉枝+主枝、主干环割处理既可控制富士苹果幼树的树冠大小,抑制新梢生长,增加枝量,促生短枝;又可提高单株、主枝以及长、中、短枝的花芽量、成花率、坐果率;还能抑制新梢叶片的生长和叶绿素的合成,其中以拉枝+主枝、主干环割处理的促花效果更好。

【Objective】The growth habit of Fuji apple is not easy for young trees to become flower fruit,but the harsh environmental conditions in arid desert area of Xinjiang aggravate this phenomenon,so the purpose of this project aims to solve the problem of difficulty in fruit flowering formation and fruit setting of young Fuji apple trees.【Methods】Four-year-old Fuji apple samplings were used as test materials,and the methods of pulling branches+main branches ring stripping and pulling branches+main branches and trunk ring cutting were used to promote flowering and fruiting.【Results】【Conclusion】Pulling branch+main branch ring stripping and pulling branch+main branch and trunk ring cutting treatment could not only control the crown size of Fuji apple young tree,inhibit new growth,increase branch quantity,promote short branch growth;The amount of flower buds,flowering rate and fruit setting rate of the plant,main branch and long,medium and short branches;but also inhibit the growth of new leaves and the synthesis of chlorophyll.Among them,the flower-promoting effect is better by pulling the branch+main branch and trunk ring cutting treatment.