2019年安徽省经济落后农村地区小学生营养现况及其影响因素分析

Analysis on nutritional status and its influencing factors among primary school students in economically backward rural areas of Anhui Province,2019

目的了解安徽省经济落后农村地区小学生营养现况并探索其影响因素,为制定营养改善相关政策提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,在经济落后农村地区抽取金寨、颍上和宿松县共2286名小学生测量身高、体重,其中抽取3~6年级1516名学生进行问卷调查。结果男生的营养不足率(12.8%)和超重肥胖率(16.4%)均高于女生(9.2%、9.9%),各年级间差异无统计学意义。多元Logistic回归分析显示,小学生营养不足男生的风险高于女生、非留守儿童的风险低于留守儿童[OR (95% CI)分别为2.013 (1.417~2.858)、0.632 (0.433~0.923)];男生、在学校吃饭不会剩饭的学生和营养知识水平较低的学生超重肥胖的风险较高[OR 值(95% CI)分别为 2.466 (1.775~3.426)、0.601 (0.435~0.830)和 1.273 (1.018~1.591)]。结论安徽省经济落后农村地区小学生存在营养不足和超重肥胖双重负担,其中男生尤为突出。营养不足和超重肥胖与学生是否为留守儿童、在校吃饭是否会剩饭以及学生的营养知识水平有关。

Objective To understand the nutritional status and its influencing factors among primary school students in economically backward rural areas of Anhui Province,and to provide scientific basis for nutrition policies improvement.Methods In economically backward rural areas,a total of 2286 primary school students in Jinzhai,Yingshang and Susong counties were selected by stratified random cluster sampling.Among them,1516 students from Grade 3 rd to Grade 6 th were selected for questionnaire survey.Results The malnutrition rate(12.8%)and overweight and obesity rate(16.4%)of boys were higher than that of girls(9.2%and 9.9%).There was no significant difference among different grades.The risk of malnutrition in boys was higher than that in girls,and left-behind children higher than non-left-behind children[OR value:2.013(1.417-2.858),0.632(0.433-0.923),respectively].The risk of overweight and obesity was higher in boys,students who did not have leftovers in school and students with low nutritional knowledge[OR value:2.466(1.775-3.426),0.601(0.435-0.830),1.273(1.018-1.591),respectively].Conclusion There are double burden of malnutrition and overweight/obesity among primary school students in economically backward rural areas of Anhui Province,especially for boys.Malnutrition,overweight/obesity are related to left-behind children,no leftovers in school and low nutritional knowledge level.