2018—2020年北京市丰台区儿童青少年近视筛查结果分析

Myopia prevalence in children and adolescents in Fengtai District of Beijing during 2018-2020

目的了解北京市丰台区儿童青少年近视现状及变化趋势,为儿童青少年视力保护及近视防控提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取北京市丰台区2~3所幼儿园、2~3所小学、2~3所初中、2~3所高中、1所职高,对儿童青少年开展包括远视力检查和屈光检测的近视筛查。结果 2018—2020年北京市丰台区儿童青少年近视率分别为62.99%,57.65%和55.85%,近视率呈现下降趋势;2018年,丰台区6岁儿童近视率15.63%,小学生近视率42.62%,初中生近视率81.44%,高中生近视率93.81%,职高生近视率73.00%;2020年,丰台区6岁儿童近视率9.16%,小学生近视率37.66%,初中生近视率76.10%,高中生近视率82.18%,职高生近视率70.20%;儿童青少年近视率随着年级升高呈逐步上升趋势;2018年,男生近视率59.32%,女生近视率66.93%;2020年,男生近视率51.46%,女生近视率60.32%;2018—2020年,男女生近视率均呈下降趋势,女生均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01)。结论丰台区儿童青少年的近视防控形势依然严峻,应制定可行的政策措施,切实减轻学生课业负担,全社区共同参与,发挥家庭和学校联动机制,推进政府、学校、家庭、社会落实近视防控"四方责任",共同保护孩子的视力。

Objective To understand the current situation and trend of myopia among children and adolescents in Fengtai District of Beijing,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to selected 2-3 kindergartens,2-3 primary schools,2-3 junior high schools,2-3 senior high schools and 1 vocational high school.Myopia screening including far vision test and refractive test for children and adolescents were carried out.Results From 2018 to 2020,the myopia rates of children and adolescents in Fengtai District were 62.99%,57.65%and 55.85%,showing a downward trend.In 2018,the myopia rate of 6-year-old children was 15.63%,42.62%in primary school students,81.44%junior high school students,93.81%senior high school students,and 73.00%in vocational high school students.In 2020,the myopia rate of 6-year-old children was 9.16%,37.66%in primary school students,76.10%in junior high school students,82.18%in senior high school students,70.20%in vocational high school students.The myopia rate of children and adolescents increased gradually with the increase of grade.In 2018,the myopia rate of male students was 59.32%,and that of female students was 66.93%.In2020,the myopia rate of male students was 51.46%,and that of female students was 60.32%.From 2018 to 2020,the myopia rate of male and female students showed a downward trend,and the differences between male and female students were statistically significant(all P<0.01),and the myopia rate of female students was higher than that of male students.Conclusion The situation of myopia prevention and control of children and adolescents in Fengtai District is still serious.Feasible policies and measures should be formulated.Government,school,family and society should implement the"four responsibilities"to jointly protect children’s eyesight.