健康信念因子对缺血性心血管疾病中高风险人群休闲类身体活动的影响

The influence of health belief factors on recreational physical activity in medium-high risk population with ischemic cardiovascular disease

目的了解北京市门头沟区缺血性心血管疾病(ICVD)中高风险人群休闲类身体活动(RPA)情况,探讨健康信念因子对该人群RPA的影响。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对门头沟区成人进行横断面调查。以其中614例ICVD中高风险人群为研究对象,基于健康信念模式构建RPA的健康信念因子,应用结构方程模型分析健康信念因子对ICVD中高风险人群RPA的影响。结果 ICVD中高风险人群RPA中位数为4.4日千步当量,充足率为11.3%。结构方程模型显示:调整性别年龄后,促进提示因素对RPA的直接效应、间接效应和总效应值β分别为0.170、-0.075和0.095,(P均<0.05)。行为提示因素2 (水产品/蛋类/奶类/豆类摄入不足)对RPA的直接效应和总效应值β分别为-0.153和-0.169,(P均<0.05)。感知障碍对RPA的总效应值β为-0.172 (P<0.05)。结论门头沟区ICVD中高风险人群RPA充足率较低,重点考虑通过减少感知障碍来提高RPA水平,还可以通过倡导平衡膳食提高身体素质、制定运动计划增加运动提示,进一步提高该人群RPA水平。

Objective To understand the Recreational Physical Activity(RPA)of medium-high risk populationwith Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease in Mentougou District of Beijing,and to explore the influence of health belief factors on RPA.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults in Mentougou District by multi-stage stratified random sampling.Taking 614 adults of medium-high risk population with ICVD as the research object,the health belief factors of RPA were constructed based on the health belief model,and the effect of health belief factors on the RPA of medium-high risk population with ICVD were analyzed by using the structural equation model.Results The median RPA for medium-high risk population with ICVD was 4.4 kilo step equivalent per day and the adequacy ratio was 11.3%.The structural equation model in this population showed that:after adjusted by gender and age,the direct effect,indirect effect and total effect value of prompting factor on RPA were 0.170,-0.075 and 0.095 respectively,all P<0.05.The direct effect and total effect of behavior prompted factor 2(inadequate intake of aquatic products/eggs/milk/beans)on RPA were-0.153 and-0.169,respectively,all P<0.05.The total effect of perceived barriers on RPA was-0.172,P<0.05.Conclusion The RPA adequacy ratio of medium-high risk population in Mentougou District was relatively low.The key consideration is to improve the RPA level by reducing perceived barriers,and further by advocating balanced diet to improve physical fitness or making exercise plans to increase exercise tips.