大学生性格优势与心理健康:积极应对方式的中介作用

Character strengths and mental health of college students:The intermediary role of positive coping style

目的:探讨大学生性格优势影响心理健康的内在机制,为其心理健康教育提供有益的理论参考。方法:以性格优势问卷、简易应对方式问卷、12项一般健康问卷对贵阳市某大学430名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)性格优势与积极应对存在显著正相关(r=0.44~0.51,P<0.01)、亲和力与消极应对存在显著负相关(r=-0.01,P<0.05),性格优势与一般心理健康存在显著负相关(r=-0.20~-0.28,P<0.05);积极应对与一般心理健康存在显著负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.01),消极应对与一般心理健康存在显著正相关(r=0.10,P<0.05);(2)性格优势低分组内,采取积极应对倾向的大学生一般心理健康得分显著低于采取消极应对倾向的大学生(P<0.05);而性格优势高分组内,采取积极应对倾向与采取消极应对倾向的大学生一般心理健康得分不存在显著差异;(3)大学生积极应对方式在性格优势与一般心理健康间起完全中介作用(β=-0.08)。结论:高水平的性格优势可能是大学生高心理免疫力的体现,有重要的心理健康水平维稳作用,通过积极应对方式正向影响大学生的心理健康。

Objective:To explore the inner mechanism of college students’ character strengths affecting their mental health, and provide useful theoretical references for their mental health education.Methods:The stratified sampling method was used to survey 430 college students from a university in Guiyang with the Chinese Virtues Questionnaire-96,simple coping style questionnaire, and 12-item General Health Questionnaire.Results:(1)There was a significantly positive correlation between character strengths and positive coping style(r=0.44~0.51,P<0.01).The relationship dimension of character strengths was negatively correlated with negative coping style(r=-0.01,P<0.05).There was a significantly negative correlation between character strengths and general mental health(r=-0.20~-0.28,P<0.05).Positive coping style was negatively correlated with general mental health(r=-0.20,P<0.01).Negative coping style was positively correlated with general mental health(r=0.10,P<0.05).(2)In the group with low character strengths, the general mental health scores of college students who adopted positive coping tendency were significantly lower than those who adopted negative coping tendency(P<0.05).In the group with high character strengths, there was no significant difference in the general mental health scores of college students those who adopted positive coping tendency and adopted negative coping tendency(P>0.05).(3)The positive coping style of college students played a completely intermediary role between character strengths and general mental health(β=-0.08).Conclusion:The high level of character strengths may be the embodiment of college students’ high psychological immunity, which has an important role in maintaining the level of mental health, and positively affects the mental health of college students through positive coping style.