摘要
本文从共时和历时角度对黔东苗语比较结构的类型及其语法功能、语义关系、比较标记、发展变化进行讨论。黔东苗语的比较结构有差比、等比、极比3种类型。差比结构的比较标记有固有词fη■^(35)/chaη^(44)"过"和汉语西南官话借词pi^(55)"比"。从语言使用和语言接触的角度看,黔东苗语比较结构的发展过程为:非比较结构→无标记比较结构→带fη■^(35)/chaη^(44)"过"的比较结构→fη■^(35)/chaη^(44)"过"、pi^(55)"比"共现的比较结构。从发展趋势看,汉语西南官话借词pi55"比"及其构成的比较结构很有可能替代黔东苗语固有比较标记fη■^(35)/chaη^(44)"过"及其构成的比较结构。
From the synchronic and diachronic perspectives,this article discusses the types,the grammatical functions,the semantic relations,the comparative markers and the development of the comparison constructions in the Hmu language.The comparison constructions can be divided into three types,viz.the comparative,equative and superlative constructions.The markers for comparative constructions include two native morphemes fη■^(35) and chaη^(44) as well as a borrowed Chinese morpheme pi^(55) from Southwestern Mandarin.From the perspectives of language use and language contact,the development process of comparative constructions in the Hmu language is as follows:non-comparison constructions→markerless comparative constructions→comparative constructions with the markers fη■^(35) andchaη^(44)→comparative constructions with the markers fη■^(35),chaη^(44) and pi^(55),where pi^(55) may concur with either fη■^(35) orchaη^(44).As for the trend of development,it is extremely probable that the comparative constructions with the borrowed marker pi^(55) will take the place of the comparative constructions with the marker fη■^(35) orchaη^(44).
出处
《民族语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期15-24,共10页
Minority Languages of China
基金
国家社科基金项目“中国民族语言形态句法类型学研究(18ZDA298)”“苗瑶语量词的类型学研究(19BYY193)”的阶段性成果。
关键词
黔东苗语
比较结构的类型
比较标记
语言接触
语言影响
the Hmu language(Qiandong Miao)
types of comparison constructions
comparative markers
language contact
language influence