侗台语否定词的语序演变

The Word Order Evolution of Negative Words in Tai-Kadai Languages

本文将侗台语标准否定词基本语序分为五种类型:Neg VO,VONeg,Neg VONeg,(Neg)VONeg/NegVO(Neg),Neg VФO。侗台语否定词语序的演变存在叶斯柏森循环。早期侗台语的否定词很可能居于动词之后,但原始侗台语的否定词居于动词之前,新增的否定词往往源于侗台语内部,而非外借。侗台语否定词及其语序演变是内部循环和外部语言接触两方面共同作用的结果。

In this article,the basic word order of standard negation in Tai-Kadai languages is divided into five categories:Neg VO,VONeg,Neg VONeg,(Neg)VONeg/Neg VO(Neg),and Neg VФO.In the Early Tai-Kadai Language,the negatives are likely to be postverbal,but they are preverbal in Proto-Tai-Kadai.New negatives come into existence,which are often derived from native words of the language itself rather than borrowed from other languages.We propose that there exist Jespersen Cycles in Tai-Kadai languages.The evolution of negative words and their word orders in Tai-Kadai languages is the result of the interaction of internal Jespersen Cycles and external language contact.The bipartite negative word order and postverbal negative word order are not only areal linguistic features in Mainland Southeast Asia,but also part of the development of the world languages in terms of Jespersen Cycles.