蒙古语和谐元音分组的语音学基础

The Phonetic Foundation for Vowel Classification in Vowel Harmony of the Mongolian Language

在蒙古语元音和谐律研究中将元音分为"阴/松"、"阳/紧"两组,两组元音主要的生理区别是咽腔容积大小。咽腔容积的变化通过舌根动作实现,发阳性或紧元音时舌根后缩,咽腔容积变小;发阴性或松元音时舌根保持常态,咽腔容积大于相应紧元音。咽腔容积大小导致元音第一共振峰的差异,咽腔容积缩小时第一共振峰值相对大。这是蒙古语阴性和阳性元音最主要的声学差异。

In studies on vowel harmony in Mongolian,the vowels are divided into two sets,the yin(feminine)/lax set and the yang(masculine)/tense set.The major physiological difference between the two sets lie in the size of the pharyngeal volume.Changes in the size of the pharyngeal volume are realized through tongue-root movement.The tongue root is retracted when masculine/tense vowels are articulated so that the pharyngeal volume becomes smaller,where the tongue root remains normal when feminine/lax vowels are articulated so that the pharyngeal volume is bigger.The size of the pharyngeal volume leads to differences in F1,which becomes bigger when the pharyngeal volume shrinks.This is the essential acoustic difference between the feminine and the masculine vowels in Mongolian.