知识产权视角下科学数据安全管理的策略选择

Strategies for Scientific Data Security Management from the Perspective of Intellectual Property

[目的/意义]科学数据安全是一个复杂、动态的概念,包含了主权安全、产权安全和共享安全,其中产权安全又是主权安全、共享安全的重要前提。在我国未就数据产权立法的背景下,以现行法中与科学数据产权存在交叉关系的知识产权为切入点,探析科学数据安全管理中的产权关系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]针对科学数据产权缺位、主权缺失、共享受阻问题,以法律规范分析为基础,运用法律解释方法,分析知识产权与科学数据的关系,明确产权是解决科学数据安全的关键措施,并结合国内外实践案例探索可能的解决方案。[结果/结论]在产权问题上,以知识产权为基础,合同为辅助,通过权利归属条款、许可授权条款、保密条款和利益分配条款保障科学数据的产权安全。在主权问题上,构建国家层面的科学数据管理顶层设计,增强数据主权意识;建立机构层面的科学数据管理与共享政策,避免数据违规外流。在共享问题上,依据不同类型的知识产权特征来清除科学数据开放共享的权利障碍,通过许可协议实现科学数据的开放共享。

[Purpose/significance]Scientific data security is a complex and dynamic concept that includes sovereignty security,property rights security,and sharing security,among which property rights security is an important prerequisite for sovereignty security and sharing security.In view of that China has not yet legislated on data property,it is of great significance to analyze the property rights relationship in scientific data security management by taking the intellectual property rights that have a cross relationship with scientific data property rights in the current law as the starting point.[Method/process]Aiming at the problem of scientific data's property,sovereignty,and sharing,using legal interpretation methods to analyze the relationship between intellectual property and scientific data,and to explore possible solutions under domestic and foreign practical cases.[Result/conclusion]For property,protect the property of scientific data by intellectual property rights and contracts with rights ownership clauses,authorization clauses,confidentiality clauses and benefit distribution clauses.For sovereignty,enhance the awareness of scientific data sovereignty by establishing the national top-level management and establish the institutional-level scientific data management and sharing policy to avoid data outflow illegally.For sharing,remove the right barriers to the open sharing of scientific data under the characteristics of different types of intellectual property rights,and realize the open sharing of scientific data through licensing agreements.