酒依赖住院患者营养状况与血钾水平的相关性

Study on the correlation between nutritional risk and serum potassium level in hospitalized alcoholdependentpatients

目的调查精神科住院酒依赖患者的营养状况与血清钾水平的相关性。方法选取2016年7月至2019年6月在河北医科大学第一医院精神卫生中心住院的213例酒依赖患者,使用营养风险筛查量表(NRS 2002)对患者进行营养风险筛查。根据NRS分值将患者分为研究组(NRS≥3分,n=76)与对照组(NRS<3分,n=137),于患者入院时、入院第2天、入院第7天、入院1个月时测定血清钾水平。比较两组患者的血清钾水平、低钾血症患病率。结果两组患者患低钾血症共80例(37.56%),研究组的低钾血症患病率为47.37%(36/76),高于对照组的32.12%(44/137),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.848,P=0.028);研究组入院时和入院第2天的血清钾水平均值低于对照组(P<0.01),两组患者入院7天和入院1个月的血清钾水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组第2天的血钾水平最低(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,日均饮酒量(OR=1.657,P=0.041)、酒依赖病程(OR=1.066,P=0.031)以及NRS2002评分(OR=1.414,P=0.014)是低钾血症的危险因素,近7日平均进食量(OR=0.455,P=0.003)是低钾血症的保护因素。结论酒依赖患者易发生营养不良的风险,且低钾血症患病率高,营养风险筛查和血钾的评估值得临床关注。

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum potassium levels and nutritional status of alcohol dependence patients in psychiatric departments.Methods A total of 213 alcohol-dependent patients admitted to the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from July 2016 to June 2019 were selected.Patients were screened for nutritional risk using the Nutritional Risk Screening Scale(NRS 2002).Patients were divided into study group(NRS≥3,n=76)and control group(NRS<3,n=137).Serum potassium levels were measured on admission,day 2,day 7,and 1 month.Serum potassium level and the incidence of hypokalemia were compared between the two groups.Results There were 80 cases of hypokalemia(37.56%)in the two groups.The prevalence of hypokalemia in the study group was 47.37%(36/76),which was higher than 32.12%(44/137)in the control group(χ^(2)=4.848,P=0.028).The average serum potassium level of the study group was lower than that of the control group on admission and day 2 after admission(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in serum potassium level between the two groups on day 7 and 1 month after admission(P>0.05).The blood potassium level of the study group was the lowest on day 2(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that average daily alcohol consumption(OR=1.657,P=0.041),duration of alcohol dependence(OR=1.066,P=0.031)and NRS 2002 score(OR=1.414,P=0.014)were the risk factors for hypokalemia,while average daily food intake(OR=0.455,P=0.003)was a protective factor for hypokalemia.Conclusions Alcohol dependent patients are prone to malnutrition and have significantly higher incidence of hypokalemia.Nutritional risk screening and continuous potassium assessment in alcohol-dependent patients deserve attention.