试论孔子的正名知识论

On the Confucian Epistemology of Rectifying Names

孔子哲学由其精神历史学和精神形态学构成,后者呈一开放性知识谱系。构成这一知识谱系的思想基石,是自然主义人性论;其内具普世性诉求的历史哲学精髓,是返本开新的历史发展观;其伦理理论是仁学,政治哲学是礼论,教育理论是"学而";其君子"成己成人"的道德学是中庸,人生哲学是乐论。将如上各知识形态贯通使之自成开放性张力的知识体系,却是正名论。孔子的正名学说,是他面对道术分裂、礼法混乱的当世,探求返本开新的拯救之道,运用生活经验和历史经验对伦理、政治、教育予以循名征实的考信和循实彰名的审问所建构起来的认知论和方法论。

Confucian philosophy consists of the history of spirit and the morphology of spirit, the latter of which is an open knowledge pedigree. The ideological basis of this knowledge pedigree is the human nature theory of naturalism. The essence of historical philosophy with universal appeal is the historical development concept of returning to origin and opening new prospects. The ethical theory is the doctrine of benevolence. The political philosophy is the doctrine of propriety. The educational theory is "Learning and introspection and outer-practice from time to time". The gentleman’s ethics of "making oneself successful and helping others achieve their goals" is the doctrine of the mean. The life philosophy is the theory of integrtving "truth, good ness and beauty". When we link all the above-mentioned knowledge patterns to form a knowledge system of open tension, we have the epistemology of rectifying names. The epistemology demonstrates Confucius’ s efforts to salvage the status quo by returning to origin and opening new prospects, when he faced a time of division between the ideal way and the realities and a time of confusion in propriety and law. It is an epistemology and methodology established by examining and questioning the ethics, politics and education with life and historical experience based on following name to pursue reality and following reality to demonstrate name.