长江中下游薯区甘薯农户施肥现状调查分析

Investigation and analysis of farmers fertilizer application for sweetpotato in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

为明确长江中下游薯区甘薯施肥现状,在长江中下游薯区8省份选取29个县市区的472户农户进行实征调查.结果表明,在种植规模和产量水平上,调查区域的种植规模在33350 m^(2)以上的农户比例有20.55%,产量平均值为2133 kg/667 m^(2);在肥料结构上仍然以45%的通用型复合肥(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O配比为15-15-15)投入为主,农户专用配方肥施用的比例只有4.03%,有机肥施用比例为23.94%;施肥方式以撒施后翻耕为主,也存在一定比例的穴施和条施;施肥次数以1次为主,追肥的农户比例为7.42%,主要用于菜薯上的施用;在肥料投入上,氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))、钾肥(K_(2)O)分别为7.90、6.66、6.94 kg/667 m^(2).显然,目前的施肥现状,配方肥施用仍然不足,氮肥用量趋于合理,磷肥用量偏高,钾肥用量仍然有所欠缺,甘薯施肥仍需要专业技术的指导和推广.

In order to clarify farmers fertilizer application status for sweetpotato in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,472 farmers from^(2)9 counties in 8 Provinces of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were investigated.The obtained results showed that 20.55%of the farmers whose planting scale was more than 33350 m^(2) had an average yield of 2133 kg/667 m^(2).Compound fertilizer of 45%(the ratio of N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O is 15-15-15)was still the main input,the proportion of formula fertilizer application was only 4.03%,and the proportion of organic fertilizer application was 23.94%.The main way of fertilizer application was ploughing after spreading,hole and band application methods also existed.Fertilization frequency was mainly once,and top dressing ratio was 7.42%.Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))and potassium(K_(2)O)inputs were 7.90,6.66 and 6.94 kg/667 m^(2),respectively.Obviously,the current fertilizer application status is the formula fertilizer still insufficient,the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is more reasonable,the amount of phosphorus fertilizer is on the high side,and the amount of potassium fertilizer is still insufficient.The fertilizer application of sweetpotato needs the guidance and popularization of professional technology.