重点国有林区林下经济竞争力评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of the Industrial Competitiveness of Non-timber Forest-based Economy in Key State-owned Forest Region

基于2008—2017年5个森工集团的统计数据,构建林下经济产业竞争力评价指标体系,采用熵值法对重点国有林区林下经济产业竞争力进行测算与评价分析。结果表明:重点国有林区林下经济产业竞争力稳定性较差,且总体呈现趋弱状态;其中,龙江森工集团的林下经济产业竞争力最为突出,且远高于其他企业,而吉林森工、长白山森工等林下经济产业的竞争力水平明显不足;阻碍重点国有林区及不同森工集团林下经济产业竞争力的因素有所差异;区域发展水平是影响林区整体产业竞争力提升的关键因素。因此,提出持续营造良好的政策环境;不断增强区域发展水平;因区施策发展林下经济等建议。

⑴Background——Vigorously developing non-timber forest-based economy is an important way to promote the transformation and development of ecological economy in state-owned forest areas.⑵Methods——Construct an evaluation index system for the competitiveness of the non-timber forest-based economy,based on the statistical data of five forestry industry groups in key state-owned forest areas from 2008 to 2017.⑶Results——From 2008 to 2011,competitiveness of the economy and industry in the forest industry groups in key state-owned forest areas continued to decline.Then from 2012 to 2014,the industrial competitiveness of non-timber forest-based economy in key state-owned forest areas began to rebound strongly,and the annual growth rate of industrial competitiveness scores began to change from negative to positive.However,from 2015 to 2017,the competitiveness of non-timber forest-based economy in key state-owned forest areas has declined,but the average level is higher than that before 2012.On the other hand,the forest industry economic competitiveness levels of various forest industry groups from high to low are:Longjiang forest industry,Inner Mongolia forest industry,Greater Khingan Range forestry group,Changbai Mountains Forest Industry and Jilin Forest Industry.From the dynamic level,the comparative analysis of the competitiveness of the five forest industry groups under the forest industry is carried out.Except for Longjiang forest industry,the competitiveness of the other four enterprises showed a downward trend,but there were obvious differences among the changes of competitiveness among enterprises.Among them,the forest industry competitiveness of Jilin and Changbai Mountains is similar,and so as that of Greater Khingan Range and Inner Mongolia,while that of Longjiang forest industry group is particularly prominent,far higher than that of other enterprises.And the gap of competitiveness level of the other four forest industry groups is controlled within 0.02,and the overall performance is poor.The obstacles of the key state-owned forest areas and forest industry groups to enhance the competitiveness of the economic industry were analyzed,it's found that:the first is the level of regional development.Due to the deepening of economic integration between forest areas and local governments,the impact of regional development level on the non-timber forest-based economy development is also increasingly significant.Secondly,the competitiveness of different forest industry groups is restricted by different factors.Inner Mongolia forest industry is mainly affected by the development level of various specific forest industries;Jilin and Changbai Mountains forest industry are relatively concentrated in geographical distribution,mainly affected by regional development level;Greater Khingan Range forestry group is mainly affected by various production factors;government investment is the key factor hindering the promotion of economic competitiveness of Longjiang forest industry.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——First,significant fluctuations and instability has been shown by the overall competitiveness of the non-timber forest-based economy sectors of the five forest industry groups in key state-owned forest areas.Second,the competitiveness of the non-timber forest-based economy demonstrates a positive trend of a slight increase overall.Third,Longjiang Forest Industry Group has the most outstanding economic competitiveness in the forest industry,which is in the first order.Greater Khingan Range Forestry Group and Inner Mongolia Forest Industry Group are in the second order.Jilin Forest Industry and Changbai Mountain Forestry are in the third order.Fourth,the factors that hinder the competitiveness of the forest industries of different forest industry groups are different.Among them,the level of regional development is the key factor that affects the overall industrial competitiveness of the forest area.Finally,it puts forward suggestions such as continuing to create a good policy environment,continuously enhancing the level of regional development,and developing non-timber forest-based economy in accordance with regional policies.