青海林业和草原生态建设战略探讨

Study on the Strategy of Forest and Grass Ecological Construction in Qinghai

基于SWOT-AHP分析方法构建青海省林业和草原生态建设SWOT分析框架,对青海林业和草原生态与修复战略进行研究。青海省林业和草原生态保护与修复战略具有良好的实施基础、多级推进的管理机制、社会化的参与机制、良好的科技支撑基础等优势;但也面临生态问题突出、生态建设质量不高、管理机制不完善等劣势,以及生态治理难度大、生态资源保护压力大、投资不足和支撑保障瓶颈等威胁;可以借助来自较高决策层的政策诱导,以及推动国土绿化、满足对美好生活的现实需要等提供的机会获取进一步的发展。在青海省林业和草原生态保护与修复战略中,优势因素和威胁因素处于相对重要的地位,因此青海省林业和草原生态保护与修复的战略选择是完善社会化参与机制、提升科技支撑能力、扩大投融资渠道、完善保护与治理机制和完善协调发展机制。

⑴Background——Forestry and grassland in Qinghai Province play a decisive role in maintaining ecological balance and improving ecological carrying capacity.⑵Methods——First,use the SWOT analysis framework to analyze the strategic conditions of forestry and grassland ecological protection and restoration in Qinghai.Then use the AHP analysis method to calculate the weight coefficients of each factor,and take its geometric mean value as the actual intensity of each measurement variable to discuss the strategic choice of forestry and grassland ecological protection and restoration in Qinghai.⑶Results——SWOT analysis revealed that“Strength Group”of forest and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai include the good foundation of ecological protection and restoration by the key ecological projects,the hierarchical management mechanism to deploy more administrative power to participate in the ecological protection and restoration,diversified social investment mechanism,the science and technology supporting in the ecological protection and restoration.And“Weaknesses Group”of forest and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai include the overall outstanding problems of ecological environment,low quality of ecological construction,no complete mechanism of ecological construction management.Then“Opportunity Group”of forest and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai include major political task to strengthen ecological construction,transformation from big ecological province to strong ecological province,the“experimental field”to promote afforestation on the state-level,accelerating construction of big beautiful Qinghai.Lastly,“Threat Group”of forest and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai include:more and more difficulties in the ecological management,more and more pressure on the ecological resources protection,shortage of the investment,shortage of science supporting.AHP analysis showed that the dominant group had the greatest influence on Qinghai ecological protection and restoration strategy,and its weight was 0.411,which was higher than that of the other three groups,followed by threat group,whose weight was 0.361,inferior group and opportunity group had less influence,their weights were 0.107 and 0.120 respectively.Therefore,the study of forest and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai is mainly focused on two aspects of“StrengthGroup”and“Threat Group”.For further explanation,in“Strength Group”,“the hierarchical management mechanism to deploy more administrative power to participate in the ecological protection and restoration”and“diversified social investment mechanism”plays higher significantly roles than the other two.And in“Threat Group”,“shortage of the investment”to play a higher significantly role than the other two.With the results,we build a strategic choice for the quadrilateral by the weights of“Strength Group”,“Threat Group”,“Weaknesses Group”,“Opportunity Group”,and the quadrilateral focus P(0.022,0.020)located in the fourth quadrant.Therefore,according to the results of AHP analysis,forest and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai should take to ST strategy so as to develop internal strengths and avoid external threats.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——According to SWOT-AHP analysis,the“Strength Group”and“Threat Group”of forestry and grassland ecological protection in Qinghai are in relatively important positions.Therefore,ST strategy are suggested be chosen for forestry and grassland ecological construction in Qinghai.The government is expected to play a management function,to perfect the social participation mechanism and to strengthen the support of science and technology.At the same time,the government should also pay attention to difficulty in ecological governance,inadequate investment,low project construction quality,and the weak management mechanism.