面向事情本身的诠释何以可能?——兼论伽达默尔与哈贝马斯的争论

How is“sich nach den Sachen selbst richten”Possible in Hermeneutics?——On the Debate Between Gadamer and Habermas

"面向事情本身"是现象学的基本原则。这一原则经由海德格尔的过渡而获得了存在论视角,被理解为此在不耽于当下之存在而不断面向未来的筹划之态。哲学诠释学的全部理论皆奠基于这一基本立场之上。理解与诠释本就是此在根本性的生存活动,是此在在与传承物的问答对话中随着其生存经验的不断拓展而开放新意义的过程。然而,就如何反思地揭示错误前见而言,哈贝马斯对伽达默尔的保守方案提出质疑,力图借助一种更富操作性的批判诠释学方案补充哲学诠释学颇为侧重的本体论取向。而事实证明,他们的争论恰是走在了面向事情本身的路上。

"Sich nach den Sachen selbst richten"is the core principle of phenomenology.Heidegger opens its ontological dimension through his analysis of the fundamental constitution of"Dasein",and Gadamer bases his whole theory of philosophical hermeneutics on this principle.Been influence by Heidegger,Gadamer sees understanding and interpretation as the fundamental performance of Dasein,and the textual interpretation can be understood as a creation of meaning,through the procedure of"question and answer"between interpreter and text.However,as what Habermas has questioned,it is far from clarity until Gadamer can show a concrete way to reveal the"incorrect"prejudice.This becomes the core of debate between Habermas and Gadamer.We can treat this debate as follows:when Habermas criticizes Gadamer for his conservatism,and endeavors to provide a critical dimension for philosophical hermeneutics,they have already on the way toward"Sache selbst".