1715-1755年间新疆兵屯研究——以吐鲁番、巴里坤和哈密为中心

A Study on Military Garrison in Xinjiang from 1715 to 1755——Centered on Turpan,Barkol and Hami

清政府在对准噶尔用兵的过程中,为减轻军粮转输负担,下令在新疆实行兵屯。1715-1755年间的新疆兵屯主要集中在吐鲁番、哈密、巴里坤,且受西北政治局势的影响很大。通过分析这一时期的奏折可知:雍正三年至雍正七年间(1725-1729),清政府仍在吐鲁番实行兵屯;《清世宗实录》中有关巴里坤屯田的收成记载,存在多处问题;乾隆七年(1742),清政府并未完全裁撤哈密的兵屯。1715-1755年的新疆兵屯,有效地支援了前线官兵,减轻了军粮转输负担,同时也为清政府统一新疆后实行大规模的屯田奠定了基础。

The Qing government set up military garrison in Xinjiang in order to lighten the burden of military grain transportation in the process of the war against Junggar. The military garrison in Xinjiang was mainly set up in Turpan,Hami and Barkol in 1715-1755,and influenced by the political situation in the northwest during this period. Through analysis of the memorials of this period,we can see that:The Qing government still carried out military garrison in Turpan in 1725-1729. There are many problems in the harvest records of Barkol’s garrison in Records of Shizong of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing government did not completely abolish the military garrison in Hami in 1742. Military garrison in Xinjiang effectively supported the front-line officers and soldiers,reduced the burden of transferring military grain. At the same time,it also laid the foundation for the Qing government to carry out largescale garrison after the Qing government unified Xinjiang in 1715-1755.