清代藏南日纳宗归属问题探析

An Analysis of the Claims to Rina Zong in South of Tibet in the Qing Dynasty

自1888年英国第一次侵藏战争后,日纳宗的归属就成为其后百余年中外治史者争论不休的问题。在首次披露第八世达赖喇嘛将日纳宗赏借给哲孟雄(锡金)的藏文历史文书基础上,作者梳理乾隆五十九年勘界过程中从"日纳宗非藏属"到确定边界在"日纳宗迤北"的变化过程,证明噶厦有关日纳宗、隆吐山等地为藏属的立场得到藏、汉文历史文献支持。1888年战争前后,驻藏大臣文硕和升泰有关日纳宗、隆吐山归属的观点分歧虽表现为对相关文献取舍、理解上的差异,本质上是对清朝妥协投降政策的不同态度。

Since Britain’s first invading into Tibet of China in 1888,the claims to Rina Zong( 日纳宗)has become a disputed topic for historians in a century. Based on Tibetan historical document about lending Rina Zong to Zhemengxiong( 哲孟雄) issued by the Eighth Dalai Lama,the article sorts out the change course from "Rina Zong being not part of Tibet"to deciding the border being "in the north of Rina"in the border survey in 1794,and proves that the fact Rina and Longtu all belonging to Tibet can be supported by historical documents both in Tibetan and Chinese languages. Around the 1888 war,the different views of Amban Wenshuo( 文硕) and Shengtai( 升泰) on Rina and Longtu is a reflection of the difference in using and understanding relative documents,and in attitudes to the Qing Dynasty’s compromising policy.