基于GRACE的中国区域水储量变化研究

Research on the Change of Regional Water Reserves in China Based on GRACE

水是人类生活中广泛使用的重要资源,一旦开发利用不当,不仅会制约国民经济发展、破坏生态环境,还会引起水位持续下降、水质恶化和地面沉降等现象。而运用GRACE卫星时变重力场模型可以有效计算出陆地总水储量变化,同时结合相应水文模型还可以反演出地下水储量的变化,其相对于传统监测地下水方法具有简便、可以大范围进行监测以及预防由水储量变化引起的灾害等优势。针对水储量变化问题,采用GRACE重力卫星数据进行反演监测,将处理后的GRACE数据与GLDAS水文模型相结合,以反演中国地区的地下水储量变化趋势,结果表明:地下水储量变化与陆地总水储量变化趋势较为一致,且中国一半地区的地下水储量处于下降趋势,其中下降严重的有河北南部、新疆北部和云南北部等地区,最大变化速率分别达到了-1.72 cm/a、-2.44 cm/a和-3.01 cm/a。最后以陕西省与四川省的实测地下水数据来检验反演地下水变化的准确性,并分析降水与地下水变化的关系。

Water is an important resource widely used in human life.If it is improperly developed and utilized,it will not only restrict the development of the national economy and destroy the ecological environment,but also cause phenomena such as the continuous decline of water level,deterioration of water quality,and land subsidence.The use of the GRACE satellite time-varying gravity field model can effectively calculate the total land water reserve change,and combined with the corresponding hydrological model can also reverse the change of groundwater reserve.Compared with traditional monitoring methods of groundwater,it is simple and can be monitored and prevented on a large scale.Advantages such as disasters caused by changes in water reserves.Aiming at the problem of water reserve change,GRACE gravity satellite data is used for inversion monitoring,and the processed GRACE data is combined with the GLDAS hydrological model to invert the change trend of groundwater reserves in China.The results show that:groundwater reserves change and total land water the reserves change trend is relatively consistent,and the groundwater reserves in half of China are in a downward trend.Among them,southern Hebei,northern Xinjiang,and northern Yunnan have severely declined.The maximum change rate reached-1.72 cm/yr and-2.44 cm/yr,respectively.And-3.01 cm/yr.Finally,the measured groundwater data of Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces are used to test the accuracy of groundwater changes and analyze the relationship between precipitation and groundwater changes.