老年脑卒中患者心理健康素养与健康行为的相关性研究

Relationship between Mental Health Literacy and Health Behaviors among Elderly Stroke Patients

背景既往研究发现,老年脑卒中患者心理问题突出,健康行为及健康素养水平较低。有证据提示心理健康因素与健康行为改变关系密切,但针对该人群心理健康素养的研究较少。目的 了解老年脑卒中患者心理健康素养水平与健康行为现状,探讨两者的相关性,为改善老年脑卒中患者心理健康水平及健康行为提供干预依据。方法 2020年7—10月,采用便利抽样法选取河南省某三级甲等医院≥60岁脑卒中住院患者265例为调查对象,使用一般情况调查表、多元心理健康素养量表(MHL)、脑卒中患者健康行为量表(HBS-SP)进行调查。结果 共发放问卷265份,回收有效问卷247份,问卷回收率93.2%。不同文化程度、居住情况、家庭人均月收入老年脑卒中患者MHL得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同文化程度、病程脑卒中患者HBS-SP得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。老年脑卒中患者心理健康素养总分为(10.27±5.04)分,健康行为总分为(62.68±8.58)分。相关性分析结果显示,老年脑卒中患者心理健康素养与健康行为呈中度正相关(rs=0.525,P<0.01)。结论 老年脑卒中患者心理健康素养水平及健康行为均有待提高,心理健康素养与健康行为水平呈正相关。临床医护人员对老年脑卒中患者心理健康加强关注,制定个性化护理路径方案,可融入心理健康知识教育、积极信念培养强化、健康资源创新宣传、健康行为监测管理等,以心理健康促进健康行为转变。

Background Elderly stroke patients have been found with notable psychological problems and low levels of health behaviors and health literacy.Evidence suggests that mental health factors are closely related to the changes in health behaviors,but there are few studies on the relationship between mental health literacy and behaviors in elderly stroke patients.Objective To explore the status of mental health literacy and health behaviors and their relationship in elderly stroke patients,providing a basis for improving mental health and health behaviors in this group.Methods From July to October 2020,265 stroke inpatients aged 60 and above were selected by convenience sampling from a grade A tertiary hospital in Henan Province,and surveyed using the General Conditions Questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy Measure(MMHLM-C),and Health Behavior Scale for Stroke Patients(HBS-SP).Results Altogether,247 cases(93.2%)who handed in responsive questionnaires were finally included.The survey revealed that the total score of MMHLM-C in the respondents differed significantly according to education level,residence status,and monthly household income per capita(P<0.05).The total score of HBS-SP varied notably by education level and duration of stroke(P<0.05).On average,the total MMHLM-C score was(10.27±5.04)and the total HBS-SP score was(62.68±8.58).Correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between mental health literacy and health behavior(rs=0.525,P<0.01).Conclusion In elderly stroke patients,the mental health literacy and health behavior level showed a positive correlation,and both need to be improved.To enhance their health behaviors via mental health,it is suggested to provide targeted care interventions in accordance with the mental health of these people observed with full attention,with mental health education,positive belief cultivation and strengthening,innovative publicity of health resources,and monitoring and management of health behaviors incorporated if possible.