荒漠区黑果枸杞造林及人工栽培种源筛选

Provenance selection of Lycium ruthenicum for afforestation and artificial cultivation in desert area

【目的】筛选出适宜荒漠区造林和人工栽培的黑果枸杞种源,促进生态扶贫产业发展。【方法】以不同种源黑果枸杞为研究对象,通过引种驯化,测定其生长量、果实形态特征、果实中主要营养成分及矿质元素含量,比较各种源间的差异。【结果】不同种源枝条生长量为31.0~54.2 cm,采自甘州区西洞滩的黑果枸杞生长量最大,采自民勤青土湖的次之,采自甘州区老寺庙农场的生长量最小。采自甘州区老寺庙农场和民勤青土湖的黑果枸杞在6月中旬前生长较快,之后生长缓慢;甘州区西洞滩的黑果枸杞枝条在6月中下旬开始迅速生长,在7月中旬后仍具有较大的生长量;其余种源枝条在6月中下旬—7月上旬生长较快,之后逐渐变缓。各种源果柄长度为7.47~10.6 mm,其中采自青海柴达木的最长,采自甘州区老寺庙农场的次之,采自民勤青土湖的最短。采自青海柴达木的果形指数为0.49,其余种源的果形指数为0.7~0.8。各种源单果质量为0.31~0.44 g,其中采自酒泉肃州区的黑果枸杞单果质量最大,采自青海柴达木和民勤青土湖的次之,采自新疆尉犁县的最小。各种源果实中可溶性固形物含量为9.00%~10.86%,其中采自青海柴达木的黑果枸杞中含量最高,采自甘州区老寺庙农场的含量最低;可溶性糖含量为1.15%~1.83%,其中采自酒泉肃州区的黑果枸杞果实中含量最高,采自民勤青土湖的次之;总黄酮含量为42.0~65.2 mg/g,其中采自甘州区老寺庙农场的黑果枸杞果实中含量最高,采自民勤青土湖的次之,采自新疆尉犁县的最低;总酚含量为48.84~75.14 mg/g,其中采自甘州区老寺庙农场的黑果枸杞果实中含量最高,酒泉肃州区种源次之。8个种源黑果枸杞的果实均富含N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu元素,其中采自甘州区西洞滩和苏南县明华区的黑果枸杞果实还富含Zn元素,其余种源含有微量的Zn元素。【结论】各种源黑果枸杞在武威均能正常生长,张掖甘州区西洞滩和武威民勤青土湖的黑果枸杞更适用于荒漠区造林,张掖甘州区老寺庙农场的黑果枸杞更适用于人工栽培,酒泉肃州区的黑果枸杞既适用于荒漠区造林也适用于人工栽培。

【Objective】In order to screen out provenances of Lycium ruthenicum suitable for afforestation and artificial cultivation in desert areas,and promote the development of ecological poverty alleviation industries.【Method】Taken 8 different provenances of L.ruthenicum as the research objects,the growth characteristics,fruit morphological characteristics,main nutrients,and mineral element contents were determined after introduction and domestication,to identify the differences among various sources.【Result】The growth of branches from different provenances was 31-54.2 cm.The growth of L.ruthenicum which collected from Xidongtan in Ganzhou district was the largest,followed by which from Minqin Qingtu Lake,and which from the old temple farm in Ganzhou district was the smallest.L.ruthenicum collected from the old temple farm in Ganzhou district and Minqin Qingtu Lake grew faster before mid-June,and then grew slowly.The provenance from Xidongtan in Ganzhou district began to grow rapidly in mid-to-late June,and still had a relatively large amount of growth after mid-July,while other provenance branches grew faster from mid-to-late June to early July,and then gradually slow down.The length of various source fruit stalks was 7.47-10.60 mm,among which Qinghai Qaidam was the longest,followed by Ganzhou district old temple farm,and which from Minqin Qingtu Lake was the shortest.The fruit shape index of L.ruthenicum from Qinghai Qaidam was 0.49,and the other provenances were between 0.7 and 0.8.The single fruit mass of various sources of L.ruthenicum was 0.31-0.44 g,among which Jiuquan Suzhou district provenance was the heaviest,followed by Qinghai Qaidam and Minqin Qingtu Lake,and that collected from Weili county in Xinjiang was the smallest.The soluble solid content of L.ruthenicum was 9.00%-10.86%,among which Qinghai Qaidam was the highest,and the old temple farm in Ganzhou district was the lowest.The soluble sugar content was 1.15%-1.83%,among which the content of L.ruthenicum from Jiuquan Suzhou district was the highest,followed by Minqin Qingtu Lake.The content of total flavonoids was 42.0-65.2 mg/g,among which the content of L.ruthenicum from old temple farm in Ganzhou District was the highest,followed by Minqin Qingtu Lake,and which from Weili County,Xinjiang was the lowest.The total phenol content was between 48.84-75.14 mg GAE/g,among which the content of L.ruthenicum from the old temple farm in Ganzhou district was the highest,followed by the provenance of Suzhou district,Jiuquan.The 8 provenances of L.ruthenicum were rich in N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,and Cu elements.Among them,samples which from Xidongtan in Ganzhou district and Minghua district in Sunan County were also rich in Zn,and the rest of the provenance contained trace amounts of Zn.【Conclusion】All of the eight L.ruthenicum provenances could grow normally in Wuwei,but which collected from Xidongtan in Ganzhou district of Zhangye and Qingtu Lake in Minqin of Wuwei were more suitable for afforestation in desert areas,and which from the old temple farm in Ganzhou district was more suitable for artificial cultivation,while which collected from Suzhou district,Jiuquan was suitable for both afforestation in desert areas and artificial cultivation.