增施有机肥和菌肥对猕猴桃果实品质的影响

Effects of adding organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer on fruit quality of kiwifruit

【目的】筛选能促进猕猴桃生长和提高果实品质的最佳处理,为猕猴桃合理施肥提供参考。【方法】以‘红阳’Actinidia chinensis‘Hongyang’猕猴桃为试材,于壮果期,采用沟施方式,在施用复合肥的基础上,增施有机肥和菌肥,测定和统计各处理下猕猴桃果实的外观性状、内在品质及果实采后软腐病发生率。【结果】与对照相比,增施有机肥和菌肥后,猕猴桃果实的横纵径、果形指数无显著差异,各处理的单果质量不同程度有所增加,但与对照均无显著差异。其中复合肥、海藻甲壳素混施处理(处理2)中猕猴桃单果质量增加幅度最大,较对照增加了23.82%。增施有机肥和菌肥处理对果实中微量元素含量的影响显著。增施有机肥和菌肥后,除硼含量外,果实中其他元素含量均显著高于对照。其中,复合肥、菌肥、黄腐酸钾、海藻甲壳素混施处理(处理6)中果实钙和锌含量高于其他处理及对照,分别比对照显著增加了5.07%与5.44%;果实中锰含量最高的是复合肥、菌肥、黄腐酸钾混施处理(处理4),镁含量最高的是处理2,分别比对照显著增加了62.16%与72.13%。增施有机肥和菌肥后,果实的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和糖酸比均高于对照,维生素C含量除了处理2,其余处理均高于对照,处理6的果实维生素C含量最高,菌肥、黄腐酸钾、海藻甲壳素混施处理(处理5)次之,分别较对照高出26.86%和24.21%。增施有机肥和菌肥后,果实软腐病发病率均比对照低,且差异显著。处理6的发病率最低,较对照低41.07%。【结论】在施用复合肥的基础上,增施有机肥和菌肥可较好地改善猕猴桃果实的外观性状和内在品质,并减少果实病害发生,以复合肥、菌肥、黄腐酸钾、海藻甲壳素混施的增质效果最好。

【Objective】In order to screen the best treatment to promote kiwifruit growth and improve the fruit quality,to provide theoretical guidance for optimizing fertilization of kiwifruit.【Method】Actinidia chinensis‘Hongyang’kiwifruit was used as the test material.In the period of strong fruit,furrow application was used to increase organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer on the basis of compound fertilizer.The appearance characters,inner quality and occurrence of postharvest fruit soft rot were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control,there was no difference in the horizontal and vertical diameter and fruit shape index of kiwifruit added with organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer,and the single fruit mass of each treatment increased differently,but there was no significant difference with the control.The kiwi fruit mass of treatment 2(compound fertilizer+seaweed chitin)increased the most,which increased by 23.82%compared with the control.The effects of different organic and bacterial fertilization treatments on the content of trace elements in fruits were significantly different.Treated with organic and bacterial fertilizer,except for the boron content in the fruit,the contents of other elements were significantly higher than the control.Among them,the calcium content and zinc content of treatment 6(compound fertilizer+bacterial fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid+seaweed chitin mixed application)were higher than other treatments and the control,which increase significantly 5.07%and 5.44%,respectively;treatment 4(compound fertilizer+bacterial fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid)showed the highest manganese content and treatment 2(compound fertilizer+seaweed chitin)showed the highest magnesium content,which increased 62.16%and 72.13%compared with control.The soluble solid content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content and sugar-acid ratio of the fruits in the six treatments were all higher than the control.The vitamin C content was higher except for treatment 2(compound fertilizer+seaweed chitin).Compared with the control,treatment 6(compound fertilizer+bacterial fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid+seaweed chitin mixed application)had the highest vitamin C content,followed by treatment 5(bacterial fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid+seaweed chitin),which was higher 26.86%and 24.21%than the control.The incidence of fruit soft rot of the six treatments were lower than that of the control,and the difference was significant.Treatment 6 had the lowest incidence rate,which was much lower than the control by 41.07%.【Conclusion】The addition of organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer on the basis of compound fertilizer can better improve kiwi fruit characteristics and internal nutritional quality,increase the content of various trace elements in the fruit and reduce the occurrence of fruit diseases,especially treatment 6(compound fertilizer+bacterial fertilizer+potassium fulvic acid+seaweed chitin)has the best quality enhancing effect.