外施GA_(3)对中秋酥脆枣内源激素及果实品质的影响

Effects of exogenous GA_(3) on endogenous hormones and fruit quality of Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube

【目的】研究不同浓度外源GA_(3)对中秋酥脆枣内源激素及果实品质的影响,分析中秋酥脆枣发育期间内源激素的变化规律,探索提高中秋酥脆枣果实品质的最佳外源GA_(3)浓度,为中秋酥脆枣的可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】以衡阳市祁东县中秋酥脆枣为试验材料,于花蕾期分别对枣花喷施400、200、100 mg/L的外源GA_(3),以喷施清水为对照,在枣花和枣果的不同发育时期进行采样,分析不同浓度外源GA_(3)对中秋酥脆枣内源激素及果实品质的影响。【结果】在试验水平范围内,经外源GA_(3)处理后,内源GA_(3)、NAA、ABA含量的变化趋势相似,其快速增长期均出现在36 h后,至第2天即达到峰值,而对照组内源激素含量峰值在喷施5~10 d后出现,随后激素含量开始下将趋于平缓;且在枣花枣果发育的整个过程中,GA_(3)处理的内源激素含量整体高于对照组;外源GA_(3)处理对果形指数没有显著影响;400 mg/L的GA_(3)处理的果实纵横径、果实单质量最大,但其可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量最小;200 mg/L的GA_(3)处理的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素含量最大,分别为24.91%、24.99 mg/g、5.10 mg/g,CK处理的可溶性固形物含量最大为19.6%。【结论】外源GA_(3)处理能显著提高中秋酥脆枣的内源GA_(3)、NAA、ABA含量,400 mg/L的GA_(3)处理可使果实增大但会使果实品质降低;200 mg/L的GA_(3)处理对果实形态特征无显著影响,但能显著提高果实品质,使用效果最佳。

【Objective】To study the effects of different concentrations of exogenous GA_(3) on endogenous hormones and fruit quality of Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube,the change rule of endogenous hormones during the development of Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube was analyzed,and the best concentration of exogenous GA_(3) to improve the fruit quality of Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube was explored,so as to provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube.【Method】The effects of different concentrations of exogenous GA_(3) on endogenous hormones and fruit quality of Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube were analyzed by spraying 400,200 and 100 mg/L exogenous GA_(3) on the flowers and fruit in Qidong County,Hengyang City.【Result】Within the scope of the test level,after exogenous GA_(3) treatment,the change trend of endogenous GA_(3) and NAA,ABA content was similar,which rapid growth showed in 36 hours,and reached the peak in 2 days,while the peak endogenous hormone levels of the control showed in 5 to 10 days, followed by decreased hormones until being steady;during the whole development process of jujube flower and fruit, the content of endogenous hormones in GA_(3) treatment was higher than that in the control group. Exogenous GA_(3) treatment had no significant effect on fruit shape index. 400 mg/L GA_(3) treatment had the largest fruit diameter and single fruit mass, but the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, soluble solids and vitamin C were the least. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin in 200 mg/L GA_(3) treatment were 24.91%, 24.99 mg/g and 510.10 mg/100g, respectively, and the contents of soluble solid in CK treatment were 19.6%.【Conclusion】Exogenous GA_(3) treatment significantly increases the contents of endogenous GA_(3), NAA and ABA in the Mid-Autumn Crispy Jujube, and 400 mg/L GA_(3) treatment increases the fruit size but decrease the fruit quality. 200 mg/L GA_(3) treatment has no significant effect on fruit morphological characteristics, but significantly improves fruit quality, and which shows the best application effect.