栽植密度对‘凤丹’结实性状和产量的影响及其籽主要营养成分分析

Effects of planting density on morphological traits and yield of Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’and analysis of its main nutritional components

【目的】探索油用牡丹‘凤丹’的栽培技术,提高产量,改善结实性状。【方法】以‘凤丹’2年生实生苗为材料,设置3种栽植密度(0.4 m×0.6 m、0.4 m×0.5 m、0.3 m×0.6 m),栽植4 a后,研究不同栽植密度对‘凤丹’结实性状及产量的影响,并使用气质联用色谱法对‘凤丹’籽主要脂肪酸和氨基酸成分及其含量进行测定。结实性状指标包括单果果角数、单果种籽鲜质量、鲜出籽率、单果种籽数、百粒种籽质量。【结果】‘凤丹’产量、单果种籽鲜质量、鲜出籽率、单果种籽数、百粒种籽质量等指标均随着栽植密度增加而减小。0.4 m×0.6 m栽植密度条件下,单果鲜质量为29.85 g,单果种籽鲜质量为58.330 g,单果种籽数为68.33,与0.4 m×0.5 m和0.3 m×0.6 m栽植密度处理的差异均达到极显著水平;0.4 m×0.6 m栽植密度条件下,单位面积产量达到2465.25 kg/hm2,极显著高于0.3 m×0.6 m栽植密度处理。相关性分析结果表明,‘凤丹’单位面积产量与单果果角数、鲜出籽率有极显著正相关关系,与单果种籽数、百粒种籽质量有显著正相关关系。‘凤丹’籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量为94.48%,其中亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸含量分别为52.00%、19.84%、22.64%,饱和脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸等。‘凤丹’籽含有16种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸含量最高。【结论】‘凤丹’适宜的栽植株行距为0.4 m×0.6 m。‘凤丹’籽油含有较多的不饱和脂肪酸及丰富的氨基酸,可作为营养保健油开发利用。

【Objective】The cultivation techniques of Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’were explored to increase yield and improve seed setting.【Method】Three planting densities,0.4 m×0.6 m(MD1),0.4 m×0.5 m(MD2)and 0.3 m×0.6 m(MD3)were set using 2 year-old‘Feng Dan’as material.The effects of planting density on fruit setting characteristics and yield was analyzed after planted 4 years.The fatty acid compositions and amino acids were determined by gas chromatographymass spectrometry.The index of fruit-setting character included number of fruit pods,fresh mass of seeds in single fruit,percentage of fresh seed,seed number in single fruit,100 seed mass.【Result】The yield,fresh mass of single seed,percentage of fresh seed,seed number of single fruit and 100-seed mass decreased gradually with the increase of planting density.MD1 fruit mass,fresh mass of seeds in single fruit and seed number in single fruit were 29.85,58.330 and 68.33 g,which had a significant differences with MD2 and MD3.MD1 yield reached 2465.25 kg/hm2,had an extremely significant differences with MD3.According to the results of correlation analysis,the yield of P.ostii had an extremely significant positive correlation with the number of pods,the percentage of fresh seed,and had a significant positive correlation with the number of seed in dingle fruit and 100 seed mass.The content of unsaturated fat oil was 94.48%,which included linolenic acid(52.00%),linoleic acid(19.84%)and oleic acid(22.64%).The main fatty acids were palmitic acid,stearic acid,arachidonic acid and so on.There were 16 kinds of amino acids in P.ostii seed protein,and the content of glutamic acid was the highest.【Conclusion】The rational planting density of P.ostii is 0.4 m×0.6 m.P.ostii seed oil riches in unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids,and can be developed as a nutritional health oil.