抗疫语境下双关和隐喻的认知观照

Cognitive Perspectives on Anti-epidemic Puns and Metaphors

在2020年新冠肺炎疫情全民阻击战中,主流媒体的新闻报道里涌现出不少新奇的双关和隐喻表达,如“战‘疫’”“‘罩’顾好自己”“最美‘逆行者’”“心理防护服”等。基于认知语言学的概念整合理论,以认知语境建构为支撑,分别考察与解读这些双关和隐喻,得到或印证以下发现与结论。其一,从认知加工过程看,双关和隐喻具有某种程度上的相似性,即各自所涉两个概念域之间均存在着系统投射与相互激活。其二,从本体功能或属性看,双关确实发挥着积极的语用功效,它不仅使语言表达幽默风趣,还能启迪心智,让人印象深刻;隐喻是人类的一种基本思维方式,具有隐喻性质的概念体系是孕育人们语言、思考、行为的原动力。其三,从社会功用看,在特定的语境或时空背景下,新奇双关和隐喻的恰当使用有助于创设众志成城的抗疫场景,激发广大受众的炽热情感,构建高效统一的防疫认知体系,具有促进民众共同体意识形成和命运共同体身份建构的积极功能。

During the worldwide fight against COVID-19,the current mainstream media’s overwhelming news reports and discourses have witnessed such related new expressions as“the most beautiful rebel”and“psychological mask”.Based on Conceptual Blending Theory and aided by the Cognitive Context construction,this paper intends to investigate the generation and interpretation of the above expressions,and has confirmed the following discoveries.First,in terms of cognitive process,both pun and metaphor concern the systematic projection and mutual activation.Second,in terms of function or property,pun does play its positive pragmatic function,not only making the language humorous and funny,but also impressing and enlightening the mind;metaphor is essentially a basic way of thinking of human beings,and the conceptual system with the nature of metaphor is the motive force that breeds our language,thinking and behavior.Third,in the specific context of time and space,the appropriate use of novel puns and metaphors will help to create a united anti-epidemic scene,stimulate the enthusiasm of the audience,build a effectively unified public awareness system of epidemic prevention,and realize the positive function of constructing the community identity.