监察全覆盖下监察对象的判断标准一一兼论古代泛监察主义的现实意义

Judgment Criteria of Supervised Objects Under Full Coverage of Supervision--Also on the Practical Significance of Ancient Pan-supervision

《监察法》通过对公职人员的监督实现国家监察全覆盖的目标,但由于实践中侧重强调监察权的作用,监察对象尚无明确的认定标准,应当警惕监察缺位或监察越位问题。我国拥有悠久的监察制度史并在社会发展中发挥主要作用,其中古代监察制度较为完备,监察对象既包括官僚也包含百姓,监察事项包罗万象,这一方面形成严密的监察网络,对预防官员腐败起到积极作用,但另一方面监察的泛化也是致使监察制度发展后期出现种种弊病的根本原因。以史为鉴,现阶段的监察体制改革要明确监察机关的职能定位,在明确监察权性质的基础上,以具体类型化标准作为判断监察对象的依据。

Supervision Law realizes the goal of full coverage of national supervision through the supervision of public officials,but due to the excessive emphasis on the role of supervision power in practice,there is no clear identification standard for the object of supervision,so we should be alert to the problems of supervision vacancy or supervision offside.In ancient China,the supervision system was relatively complete.The objects of supervision included both the bureaucrats and the people,and the supervisory matters covered everything.On the one hand,a close supervision network formed,which played a positive role in preventing official corruption.Taking history as a mirror,the current reform of the supervisory system should clarify the function orientation of the supervisory organs,and on the basis of clarifying the nature of the supervisory power,take the specific type standard as the basis to judge the objects of supervision.