宋代药业的经营智慧

Management Wisdom of Pharmaceutical Industry in Song Dynasty

宋代城市发展,商业繁荣,人们对药品的需求表现出多样性。宋代药业除主流商品药材、饮片、成药的生产经营外,保健食品、保健饮品、保健用品、洗涤用品和化妆用品也发展起来。药业与其他产业相互渗透,甚至围绕药业出现了一些边缘产业。药业与食品、餐饮、染料、美容、矿产、手工业等行业交叉经营品种扩大,国内外药材需求增加,促进了对外贸易发展和彼此开展竞争。经营者开始使用店名、广告、商标、市招等手段,加强职业道德建设和法治观念建设,改善服务态度,利用行业组织助力,加强药材、成药深度开发。国家则不断深化药业重要性认识并加强法治建设,宋代药业展现出众多的经营智慧。

The Song dynasty witnessed developed cities and prosperous commercial activities.Also,the demand for materia medica became diverse at that time.In addition to the production and management of mainstream products including Chinese medicinal materials,decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines,health food,health drinks,health products,detergents and cosmetics got popular as well.The cross-penetration of the pharmaceutical industry and other industries even brought some periphery industries centered on the pharmaceutical industry.The product scope was enlarged via the management of pharmaceutical industry together with other industries,such as food,catering,dye,beauty,mineral and handicraft industries.The increase in the demand for materia medica in China and other countries promoted the development and deepened the competition in foreign trade.Moreover,sellers began to widely adopt shop name advertisements,trademarks and shop signs for publicity,which improved services and strengthened the construction of professional ethics and the concept of rule of law.Depending on industry organizations,they advanced the deep development of Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicines.At the country level,the importance of pharmaceutical industry was publicized and the legal construction was consolidated.To sum up,the pharmaceutical industry in the Song dynasty was full of management wisdom.