综合竞争合作优势:中国制造业国际竞争力持久不衰的理论解释

Comprehensive Competitive & Cooperative Advantage: Theoretical Explanation of the Enduring International Competitiveness of China’s Manufacturing Industry

改革开放40多年来,中国抓住了全球产业链重构过程中制造业生产环节国际转移的历史机遇,奠定了中国工业品制造大国和贸易大国的地位。即使面对新冠肺炎疫情、国际贸易争端与逆全球化浪潮等"黑天鹅"事件,中国产品依然保持强劲"韧性",并没有陷入所谓的"比较优势陷阱"。西方主流国际贸易理论对此难以做出解释,亟须我们对西方理论进行反思,并以马克思主义辩证唯物论和历史唯物主义观点为武器,从纷繁复杂的中国故事中,抽离出具有高度概括性的逻辑主线和基本规律。这就是:劳动要素、开放合作、基础设施和产业配套、大规模市场、技术创新五种优势在中国改革开放历史演进中梯度递进、逐级叠加、螺旋上升,由此形成的综合竞争合作优势是中国产品国际竞争力持久不衰的根本动因。在时间和空间上高度匹配并与差异化市场化改革高度契合,形成培育中国综合竞争合作优势的内在动力和体制保障。这就是来自中国实践的理论解释,而不是用中国案例诠释西方理论、证明西方理论正确的书斋教条。

Over the past 40 years of the reform and opening up,China has taken advantage of its own strengths to seize the historic opportunity of international transfer of manufacturing production capacity in the process of global industrial chain reconstruction,and has established itself as a major manufacturing and trading country.Even in the face of Black Swan events,such as the COVID-19,international trade disputes and the wave of de-globalization,the Chinese products still maintain strong resilience and have not fallen into the so-called"comparative advantage trap".It is a phenomenon difficult for the mainstream Western international trade theories to explain,and needs a reflection upon these theories.To do so,we need to turn to Marxist viewpoints on dialectical materialism and historical materialism,to extract highly generalized logic and basic law from complicated China stories.In other words,the strengths in labor factors,open cooperation,infrastructure,large-scale market and technological innovation,form a comprehensive competitive&cooperative advantage which is fundamental to the enduring international competitiveness of Chinese products.The market-oriented reforms that are highly matched and differentiated in time and space are the internal driving force and institutional guarantee for the formation of China’s comprehensive competitive&cooperative advantage.This is a theoretical explanation that comes from China’s own practice,not a dogma that interprets and proves Western theories with China as a case study.