劳动力市场扭曲如何影响城市全要素生产率?——基于配置扭曲和价格扭曲双重视角的实证研究

How does Labor Market Distortion Affect Urban Total Factor Productivity?——Empirical Research Based on the Dual Perspectives of Allocation Distortion and Price Distortion

深化要素市场化改革是提升全要素生产率的关键。本文通过构建城市层面的劳动力市场扭曲指数,从配置扭曲和价格扭曲双重视角实证考察了劳动力市场扭曲对城市全要素生产率的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:劳动力市场扭曲对城市全要素生产率具有显著的抑制作用,并且随着城市全要素生产率的提升,这种抑制作用呈现明显的倒"V"型变化特征。劳动力配置扭曲和劳动力价格扭曲均会显著抑制城市全要素生产率的提升,并且抑制作用主要体现在技术进步(TP)上。机制检验结果表明,劳动力市场扭曲会通过人才集聚效应、技术创新效应和产业结构效应抑制城市全要素生产率的提升。进一步的分析表明,劳动力市场扭曲对城市全要素生产率的影响存在基于制度环境的门槛效应,随着户籍制度和最低工资制度的改善,劳动力市场扭曲对城市全要素生产率的抑制作用将得以缓解。

Deepening the reform of factor market is the key to improving total factor productivity.By constructing a labor market distortion index at the city level,this paper empirically examines the effect and mechanism of labor market distortion on total factor productivity from the dual perspectives of allocation distortion and price distortion.The study found that labor market distortion has a significant inhibitory effect on urban total factor productivity,and with the increase of urban total factor productivity,this inhibitory effect presents an obvious inverted"V"-shaped change characteristic.Labor allocation distortion and labor prices distortion will both significantly inhibit the increase in urban total factor productivity,and this inhibition is mainly reflected in technological progress(TP).Mechanism test analysis shows that labor market distortion will inhibit the increase of urban total factor productivity through talent agglomeration effects,technological innovation effects and industrial structure effects.Further analysis shows that the impact of labor market distortion on urban total factor productivity has a threshold effect based on the institutional environment.With the improvement of the household registration system and minimum wage system,the inhibitory effect of labor market distortion on urban total factor productivity will be alleviated.