交通基础设施便利化如何影响收入不平等?——基于跨国数据的实证研究

How does Transportation Infrastructure Facilitation Affect Income Inequality?——Empirical Research Based on Transnational Data

选取2006-2017年60个国家的面板数据,运用固定效应模型、系统GMM模型实证检验交通基础设施便利化对收入不平等的影响,并就其作用机制进行分析。结果表明:交通基础设施便利化与收入不平等之间存在倒"U"型关系,就全样本而言,有60%以上的国家交通基础设施便利化未达到拐点;异质性检验表明,这种倒"U"型关系在非"一带一路"沿线国家更为显著。进一步机制检验发现,公路基础设施便利化在拐点前通过加快城市化进程与收入不平等呈正相关关系,在达到拐点后通过降低工农业人均产出差距对收入不平等产生负相关影响;铁路基础设施在达到拐点前通过降低工农业人均产出差距与收入不平等呈负相关,但城市化不是其扩大收入不平等的主要中介。

Based on the panel data of 60 countries from 2006 to 2017,the impact and the transmission mechanism of transportation infrastructure facilitation on income inequality were researched by using fixed effect model and systematic GMM model.The results show that there is an inverted"U-shaped"relationship between transportation infrastructure facilitation and income inequality.In terms of the whole sample,more than 60%of countries have not reached the inflection point of transportation infrastructure facilitation.The heterogeneity test shows that the inverted u-shaped relationship is more significant in non-One Belt and One Road countries.Mechanism further inspection found that the road infrastructure facilitation increases income inequality by accelerating urbanization,and reduces income inequality by reducing the gap between industrial and agricultural output per person,Railway infrastructure is negatively related to the income inequality by reducing the gap between industrial and agricultural output per head,but the urbanization is not the main intermediary its widening income inequality.