2019年甘肃省文县和迭部县犬利什曼原虫感染调查

Survey on Leishmania infection in dogs in Wenxian County and Diebu County of Gansu Province in 2019

目的了解甘肃省文县、迭部县两个犬源型内脏利什曼病流行区犬利什曼原虫感染现状,为当地制定有效的内脏利什曼病防治措施提供依据。方法2019年,采用入户调查方法,在甘肃省文县、迭部县以往内脏利什曼病病例较多的村,收集犬性别、年龄等基本信息;并采集犬静脉血,采用PCR法检测利什曼原虫小环DNA。结果共调查537只犬,PCR检测阳性率为41.15%(221/537),其中文县和迭部县犬阳性率分别为64.63%(95/147)和32.31%(126/390),文县高于迭部县(χ^(2)=46.044,P<0.05)。有内脏利什曼病临床症状的犬35只,PCR检测阳性率为74.29%(26/35),其中文县和迭部县有症状感染犬的阳性率分别为84.62%(22/26)和4/9,文县高于迭部县(P<0.05);无症状犬502只,PCR检测阳性率为38.84%(195/502),其中文县和迭部县无症状犬的阳性率分别为60.33%(73/121)和32.02%(122/381),文县高于迭部县(χ^(2)=39.982,P<0.05)。结论甘肃省文县和迭部县犬利什曼原虫感染率较高,无症状感染犬PCR检测阳性率较高,提示当地居民和犬感染利什曼原虫风险高,建议相关部门提高居民主动防护意识,并加大控制犬感染利什曼原虫的力度。

Objective To investigate the Leishmania infection status in dogs in canine-derived visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas in Wenxian County and Diebu County of Gansu Province,to provide basis for formulating effective prevention and treatment measures for visceral leishmaniasis.Methods In 2019,household survey method was used to collect dog basic information(such as gender and age)in villages with higher incidence of previous cases in Wenxian County and Diebu County of Gansu Province;and venous blood of dog was collected,PCR method was used to detect microloop DNA of Leishmania.Results A total of 537 dogs were investigated,the positive rate of Leishmania detected by PCR was 41.15%(221/537);the positive rates of PCR detection were 64.63%(95/147)and 32.31%(126/390)in Wenxian County and Diebu County,respectively,and the positive rate in Wenxian County was higher than that in Diebu County(χ^(2)=46.044,P<0.05).In 35 dogs with clinical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis,the positive rate of PCR detection was 74.29%(26/35);the positive rates of PCR detection in symptomatically infected dogs were 84.62%(22/26)and 4/9 in Wenxian County and Diebu County,respectively,the positive rate in Wenxian County was higher than that in Diebu County(P<0.05).The positive rate of PCR detection was 38.84%(195/502)in 502 asymptomatic dogs;the positive rates of PCR detection were 60.33%(73/121)and 32.02%(122/381)in Wenxian County and Diebu County,respectively,the positive rate in Wenxian County was higher than that in Diebu County(χ^(2)=39.982,P<0.05).Conclusions The infection rates of Leishmania in dogs are high in Wenxian County and Diebu County of Gansu Province,the positive rate of PCR detection in asymptomatic dogs infected with Leishmania is high.This indicates that local residents and dogs are at high risk of infection with Leishmania.It is recommended that relevant departments should enhance residents'awareness of active protection and strengthen efforts to control the Leishmania infection of dogs.