代购毒品行为的刑法定性分析

An Analysis of the Legality of the Act of Purchasing Drugs

代购毒品是毒品犯罪中的常见形式。司法实践中常以代购者从中牟利,认定其构成贩卖毒品罪。但此操作欠缺法律依据,贩卖毒品罪的成立并不需要行为人主观上具有牟利意图或客观上的牟利结果,因此,立足代购行为本质,探析代购毒品行为性质。根据代购者作用力大小,代购毒品行为分为"无代购不可得"和"无代购也可得"两种行为类型,其中,"无代购不可得"包括"代购者寻毒型"和"代购者代理型"两种模式;"无代购也可得"包括"代购者跑腿型"一种模式。在罪名上,"寻毒型"代购者成立贩卖毒品罪正犯,"代理型"的代购者成立贩卖毒品罪共犯,"跑腿型"的代购者可以构成非法持有毒品罪或运输毒品罪。

Purchasing drugs is a common form of drug crime.In judicial practice,the agent is often used to profit from it,and it is determined that it constitutes the crime of drug trafficking.However,this operation lacks a legal basis.The establishment of the crime of drug trafficking does not require the perpetrator to have subjective profit-making intentions or objective profit-making results.Therefore,based on the nature of the act of purchasing drugs,the nature of the act of purchasing drugs is explored.According to the power of the agent,the act of purchasing drugs can be divided into two types of behaviors:"not available without agent" and "available without agent".Among them,"not available without agent" includes "agent seeking drug type" and "agent seeking agent".There are two modes of "agent-agent type";"available without purchasing agent" includes one mode of "shopping agent running errand type".In terms of crimes,the "drug-seeking" agent is the principal offender of drug trafficking,the "agent" agent is the accomplice of drug trafficking,and the "running" agent can constitute the crime of illegal drug possession or drug trafficking.