2~3岁语言发育迟缓儿童的发育商及影响因素分析

Analysis of developmental quotient and influencing factors in two-three years old children with language retardation

目的探究2~3岁语言发育迟缓儿童的发育商并分析影响因素。方法选择2019年1月—2020年6月河南科技大学第一附属医院就诊的2~3岁语言发育迟缓儿童(68例)为病例组,选取同期进行健康体检的50名2~3岁儿童作为对照组。比较两组一般资料,采用格赛尔婴幼儿发育量表评估并分析两组儿童发育商,根据语言发育迟缓的分度标准将病例组分为轻度组(30例)、中度组(33例)和重度组(5例)。二元logistic回归分析影响儿童语言发育迟缓的危险因素。结果两组父亲文化程度、使用有声读物教儿童语言、家庭主要照养人、陪同看幼儿书/讲故事时间、儿童每天看电视时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病例组大运动、精细动作、言语能、应物能、应人能发育商低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重度组精细动作、应物能、言语能、应人能发育商低于中度、轻度组,且中度组低于轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,父亲文化程度为高中及以下、家庭主要照养人为非父母、陪同看幼儿书/讲故事时间<1 h、儿童每天看电视时间≥2 h、未用有声读物教儿童语言均为发育迟缓的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论语言发育迟缓儿童常伴有多个能区的发育落后,儿科医生对语言发育迟缓儿童要注意筛查其语言发育的不利因素和评估智能发育水平,进行个体化地指导和全面地干预。

Objective To explore the developmental quotient of two-three years old children with language retardation and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods From January 2019 to June 2020,68 children aged two-three years old with language retardation enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of He’nan University of Science and Technology were selected as case group,and 50 healthy children who underwent physical examination were selected as control group.The general data of two groups were compared,and the developmental quotient of two groups were evaluated and analyzed by Gesell infant development scale.According to the grading standard of language retardation,case group was divided into mild group(30 cases),moderate group(33 cases)and severe group(5 cases).Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of language retardation in children.Results The were statistically significant differences between two groups in father’s degree of education,used audiobooks to teach children language,the family mainly took care,accompanied the children to read children’s books/story telling time,and the children’s daily TV watching time(P<0.05).The developmental quotient of big motor,fine motor,speech ability,material ability and human ability in case group were lower than those of control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The developmental quotient of fine motor,material ability,speech ability and human ability in severe group were lower than those of mild and moderate group,and moderate group was lower than mild group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that father’s degree of education of high school or below,non-parents of the family mainly took care,accompanied the children to read children’s books/story telling time<1 h,the children’s daily watching TV time≥2 h and do not use audiobooks to teach children language were the risk factors of language retardation(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion Children with language retardation are often accompanied by backward development of multiple functional areas.Pediatricians should pay attention to screening the adverse factors of language development of children with language retardation and evaluate the level of intelligent development,and give individualized guidance and comprehensive intervention.