外泌体在乳腺癌中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in breast cancer

乳腺癌细胞脱离原发灶组织进入循环系统,沿循环系统到达靶器官,最终形成远端转移以及乳腺癌复发,是乳腺癌患者死亡的主要原因。外泌体是由具有多效性功能的细胞释放的小脂质双层颗粒,它调节复杂的细胞通路,参与乳腺癌从发生到转移扩散的各个阶段。外泌体与乳腺癌的转移密切相关,并可促进肿瘤血管生成,帮助肿瘤逃避免疫系统的监测,抑制免疫细胞等。本综述将从外泌体的结构着手,讨论外泌体在乳腺癌发展过程中的作用,并揭示外泌体能否为乳腺癌的早期诊断、分子靶向治疗提供新的前景。

Breast cancer cells leave the primary tissue and enter the circulatory system,along the circulatory system to reach the target organs,and eventually form distal metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer,which is the main cause of death of breast cancer patients.Exosomes are small lipid bilaterals released by pluripotent cells,which regulate complex cellular pathways and are involved in all stages of breast cancer from the onset to the spread of metastasis.Studies have shown that exosomes are closely related to breast cancer metastasis,which can promote tumor angiogenesis,help tumor escape the monitoring of the immune system and inhibit immune cells.In this review,we will discuss the role of exosomes in the occurrence and development of breast cancer from the structure of exosomes,and reveal whether exosomes can provide new prospects for the early diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.