对立、越界与重构——《到灯塔去》中的性别与空间

Opposition,Transgression and Reconstruction:Gender and Space in To the Light House

《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的一部准自传体意识流小说。在相关空间理论的烛照下审视这部作品,可以发现,小说中的性别问题与空间性息息相关。首先,空间的性别化和性别的空间分布呈现出二元对立的状态,即男性占据生产性、支配性和文化性空间,而女性的空间则呈现出再生产、依附性与自然性的特征。其次,身处其中的女性通过占据边缘、反凝视、身体移动、城市漫游等空间实践,力图跨越两性空间的分隔边界,打破二元对立的空间束缚,反抗基于性别的不平等空间划分。同时,在社会空间和性别地理中处于弱势的女性,会借助对家庭空间和精神空间的重构谋求两性和谐共处之路。

To the Light House is a quasi-autobiographical stream-of-consciousness novel written by Virginia Woolf.Examining the work in the light of relevant spatial theories,we can find that the gender issues are closely related to the spatiality in the novel.Firstly,the gendering of spaces and the spatial distribution of genders are characterized by binary opposition.That means men occupy the productive,dominant and cultural spaces,while women are confined to the spaces of reproduction,dependence and naturalization.Secondly,through such spatial practices as taking the periphery,anti-gazing,body moving,and walking in the city,women try to transgress the boundaries between spaces,break the shackle of spatial binary opposites and resist the unequal spatial division based on gender.At the same time,women who are in a weak position in social space and gender geography attempt to seek a harmonious coexistence with men through the reconstruction of domestic and spiritual spaces.