民事诉讼证据裁判说理的内涵延展与逻辑进路——以民事诉讼《证据规定》修正为中心

The Connotation Extension and Logical Approach to Evidentiary Adjudication in Civil Litigation:Focusing on the Amended Evidence Rules in Civil Litigation

民事诉讼《证据规定》的修改呈现出“双收双放”的特点,一定程度上延展了证据裁判说理的内涵。在宏观上,庭审说理的重要性进一步得以彰显,与裁判文书说理构成证据裁判说理的“双核”,准确把握两者的关系和作用,对于贯彻证据裁判原则、规范行使自由裁量权以及落实司法责任制具有重要意义。在微观上,有关证明妨害、自认、证据证明力、鉴定等规则的修改使得证据裁判说理的内容、重心与程度发生衍变,由证据认定法律事实的逻辑脉络同样发生较大变更。在适用新修订的《证据规定》进行裁判活动时,实有必要理顺证据裁判说理的衍变路径与逻辑进路。

The amendment to the Supreme People’s Court’s provisions on evidence in civil procedures is characterized by "double restriction" and "double empowerment",which enriches the connotation of the reasoning in evidentiary adjudication.On the macro level,the importance of the reasoning in trial is further highlighted,and together with the reasoning involved in judgement documents constitutes one of the "double cores" of the reasoning in evidentiary adjudication.Accurately grasping their relationship and roles has a significant effect on the implementation of the principle of evidentiary adjudication,the regulation over the exercise of discretion and the implementation of the judicial accountability system.On the micro level,the content,focus and degree of reasoning in evidentiary adjudication have changed due to the modification of the rules of obstruction of evidence,voluntary admission,evidential force and appraisal.The logic in identifying legal facts by evidence has also changed.When applying the new rules to adjudication activities,it is necessary to sort out the evolutionary path and logical route of reasoning in evidentiary adjudication.