老年衰弱与心血管病危险因素的相关性分析

Correlation analysis of senile frailty and cardiovascular disease risk factors

目的:评估社区老年人群衰弱与三大心血管病(高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)危险因素的相关性。方法:2016年9—10月通过问卷调查选择年度体格检查老年人3274名,平均年龄为(73.69±6.86)岁,其中男性1282人(39.2%),女性1992人(60.8%)。用Fried量表评估患者衰弱状态,并分为健康组294人(9.0%),衰弱前期组2592人(79.2%),衰弱组388人(11.9%)。评估三组高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的患病率,并采用Logistic回归分析确定衰弱与高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的相关性。结果:与其他两组相比,衰弱组的高血压(70.8%)、糖尿病(14.2%)患病率更高,高脂血症患病率更低(46.1%),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归显示,衰弱与糖尿病(OR=2.044,95%CI=1.188-3.515,P<0.05)呈正相关,与高脂血症(OR=0.641,95%CI=0.456-0.902,P<0.05)呈负相关,与高血压无显著相关性(P>0.05),而衰弱前期与所有因素均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:糖尿病与衰弱高发相关,但高脂血症却为保护因素,提示全科医生应当合理控制老年人的血糖和血脂水平。

Objective:To evaluate the correlation between frailty and three risk factors of cardiovascular diseases(hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia)in the community elderly.Methods:From September to October in 2016,3274 elderly people with an average age of(73.69±6.86)years were selected through questionnaire survey,among them there were 1282 males(39.2%)and 1992 females(60.8%).The debilitating state of the patients was evaluated by the Fried scale,and they were divided into a healthy group 294(9.0%),a pre-frail group 2592(79.2%)and a frail group 388(11.9%).The prevalence of hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia were evaluated,and Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between frailty and hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia.Results:Compared with the other two groups,the prevalence of hypertension(70.8%)and diabetes(14.2%)in the frail group was higher,the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was lower(46.1%),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression showed that frailty was positively correlated with diabetes(OR=2.044,95%CI=1.188-3.515,P<0.05),negatively correlated with hyperlipidemia(OR=0.641,95%CI=0.456-0.902,P<0.05),there was no significant correlation with hypertension(P>0.05),while pre-frailty had no significant correlation with all factors(P>0.05).Conclusion:Diabetes is associated with high risk of frailty,but hyperlipidemia is a protective factor,which suggests that general practitioners should reasonably control the level of blood glucose and blood lipid in the elderly.