2014—2019年媒体报道食源性疾病事件分析

Epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease events reported by the media from 2014 to 2019

目的分析我国2014—2019年媒体报道的食源性疾病事件类型、地域、季节及发生场所分布情况。方法对2014—2019年国家食品安全风险评估中心食品安全舆情日报整理的媒体报道的食源性疾病事件进行统计分析。结果2014—2019年我国媒体报道的食源性疾病事件共727起,原因明确的事件有327起,其中致病微生物和毒蘑菇引起的食源性疾病占比最高,分别为12.93%(94/727)和13.34%(97/727)。化学因素引起的食源性疾病占6.74%(49/727);有毒动植物引起的食源性疾病占11.97%(87/727);不明原因的食源性疾病占55.02%(400/727)。华东地区报道的食源性疾病事件224起,多于其他区域且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。食源性疾病事件的发生有一定的季节性,特别是毒蘑菇引起的事件,夏季发生最多。食源性疾病发生最多的场所为餐饮场所(60.39%,439/727),其次为家庭场所(26.82%,195/727)。结论致病微生物和毒蘑菇是我国2014—2019年媒体报道的原因明确的引起食源性疾病事件的主要原因,我国各地区均有食源性疾病事件的报道,其中华东地区报道的事件数最多,毒蘑菇中毒具有明显的季节性。食源性疾病发生的场所主要集中在餐饮场所和家庭。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease events reported by media from 2014 to 2019 in China.Methods The foodborne disease events were collected from the"food safety public opinion daily",an internal issue of China National Centerfor Food Safety Risk Assessment,and statistical analysis was conducted according to the type,time and place of food safety incidents.Results Total of 727 events were reported by the media from 2014 to 2019 in China,327 of these could be identified with clear causes.The events caused by microbes and poisonous mushroom were the most common,accounted for 12.93%(94/727)and 13.34%(97/727)respectively.Chemical substances accounted for 6.74%(49/727),poisonous plants and animals accounted for 11.97%(87/727),and the events which could not be identified with clear causes accounted for 55.02%(400/727).224 events were reported in East China,which was significantly higher than other places in China(P<0.05).There was seasonal fluctuation of the foodborne disease events,especially the events causing by poisonous mushroom.Restaurants had high incidence of foodborne diseases accounted for 60.39%(439/727),followed by family settings accounts for 26.82%(195/727).Conclusion Foodborne disease events reported by the media from 2014 to 2019 were mainly caused by microorganisms and poisonous mushrooms.Although foodborne diseases occurred in all regions of China,the number of foodborne diseases reported in East China was much higher than that in other regions.Summer was a high incidence season of foodborne diseases especially caused by poisonous mushroom.Restaurants and families had high incidence of foodborne diseases.