禽流感病毒的适应性进化与跨种传播相关影响因子研究进展

Research progress on the influencing factors related to the adaptive evolution and cross-species transmission of Avian influenza A virus

禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)具有种属特异性,通常情况下只感染禽类。然而随着AIV的适应性进化,20世纪已经报告了多次AIV在家禽和人类间的大流行,对人类健康造成了巨大威胁。AIV的适应性进化受多种因素调控,包括一些宿主因子与病毒本身的蛋白质。AIV的适应性进化对病毒的受体结合特性、致病力和传播能力等多方面产生影响,使病毒的宿主特异性改变,进而发生跨种传播。文章就AIV的适应性进化与跨种传播及其相关决定因子等方面进行了综述,以期为AIV暴发预警以及疫苗研发提供理论支持。

Avian influenza A virus(AIV) is species-specific and usually only infects poultry. However, with the adaptive evolution of AIV,several pandemics of AIV between poultry and humans have been reported in the 20 th century, posing a huge threat to human health. The adaptive evolution of AIV is regulated by many factors, including some host factors and some proteins of the virus itself. The adaptive evolution of AIV has many impacts on the receptor binding characteristics, pathogenicity, and transmission ability of the virus etc.,which causes the host-specific change of the virus, and then cross-species transmission. This article reviewed the adaptive evolution, cross-species transmission and related determinant factors of AIV,in order to provide theoretical support for AIV outbreak early warning and vaccine development.