家兔魏氏梭菌病的诊断和防治

Diagnosis and control of Clostridium perfringens in rabbits

为了诊断马台乡平河村某家兔养殖场家兔发病原因并找到有效防治措施,试验采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病料涂片镜检、鉴别培养、生化鉴定方法对该养殖场患病家兔进行确诊,对分离病原菌进行药敏试验,并采取相应防治措施。结果表明:该养殖场家兔发病后没有采取任何隔离措施,病兔出现发病快,食欲减退或废绝,腹泻,排腥臭且呈墨绿色的粪便等症状,剖检可见胃、肠充盈,胃黏膜层有出血斑、溃疡,小肠充满气体、肠壁薄且半透明,盲肠腔内充满气体及稀薄墨绿色内容物,肝脏、脾脏、肾脏呈深褐色,肝脏质地变脆;采集的病料经涂片镜检可见两端钝圆、单个存在或成簇存在的革兰氏阳性梭状杆菌;病料在普通琼脂培养基、麦康凯培养基上无菌落生长,在TSC培养基上长出黑色菌落;分离菌的葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、明胶、乳糖、水杨苷试验呈阳性,阿拉伯糖、山梨醇、核糖、甘露醇、鼠李糖、肌醇试验呈阴性;分离菌对卡那霉素、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、阿米卡星、头孢噻呋高度敏感,对恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、红霉素、头孢唑啉等耐药;经消毒和药物治疗后,该家兔养殖场的病情得到有效控制。说明该养殖场家兔所患疾病为兔魏氏梭菌病,分离到的兔魏氏梭菌对部分抗生素有一定耐药性。

In order to diagnose the causes of rabbit disease in a rabbit farm in Pinghe Village, Matai Township and to find effective prevention and control measures, the experiment adopted the methods such as epidemiological investigation, clinical symptom observation, disease material smear microscopy, identification culture, biochemical identification were used to confirm the diagnosis of rabbit disease in the farm. Drug sensitivity test was carried out on the isolated pathogenic bacteria, and corresponding prevention and control measures were taken. The results showed that any isolation measures were not taken in the rabbit farm after the onset of the disease;the sick rabbits had the symptoms of fast onset, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and foul-smelling dark green feces. It can be seen by autopsy the stomach and intestines were full, the gastric mucosa had bleeding spots and ulcers, the small intestine was full of gas, and the intestinal wall was thin and translucent;the cecal cavity was full of gas and thin dark green content, the liver, spleen, and kidneys were dark brown, with liver texture becoming brittle. Gram positive fusobacteria with blunt round ends, single of cluster were found in the smear. No colony grew on ordinary agar medium or MacConkey medium for the diseased material, but black colonies grew on TSC medium. The isolate tested positive for glucose, fructose, maltose, gelatin, lactose and salicin, and tested negative for arabinose, sorbitol, ribose, mannitol, rhamnose and inositol. The isolate was highly sensitive to kanamycin, cefoperazone, sulbactam, amikacin and ceftiofur, and resistant to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, cefazolin, etc. After disinfection and drug treatment, the rabbit farm’s situation was effectively controlled. The results suggested that the disease of rabbits in this farm was caused by rabbit Clostridium perfringens,and the isolated Clostridium perfringens was resistant to some antibiotics.