福建省2016-2018年肾综合征出血热流行特征和宿主动物监测分析

Epidemiological characteristics and host animal monitoring of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Fujian province,China,2016-2018

目的分析福建省2016-2018年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情及宿主动物种群分布和带病毒情况,为制定切实可行的HFRS控制措施提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对2016-2018年全国传染病监测信息报告管理系统网络直报的福建省HFRS病例资料和宿主监测资料进行统计学分析。率的比较采用χ2检验。结果 2016-2018年福建省共报告HFRS病例1 184例,年均发病率为1.02/10万,死亡2例,病死率为0.17%。病例主要集中在南平、泉州和三明市。全年均有病例报告,发病高峰时间主要集中在3-5月和11-2月,春季峰值略高。高发人群为青壮年男性,男女发病率最高的年龄组分别为65~70岁和60~65岁。全省监测点共布放有效鼠笼12 854笼次,捕鼠845只,平均鼠密度为6.57%;共检测鼠肺845份,阳性48份,3年平均带病毒鼠指数为0.06。结论 2016-2018年福建省HFRS发病呈先降后升的趋势,鼠密度和带病毒率较高,存在HFRS暴发风险。建议继续开展疫苗接种和科学灭鼠防鼠相结合的综合防治措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) and the population distribution and virus-carrying status of host animals in Fujian province, China, from 2016 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating feasible prevention and control measures for HFRS. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to perform a statistical analysis of HFRS case data and host monitoring data in Fujian which were reported in Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System in 2016-2018. The ratio was compared by χ2 test. Results A total of 1 184 HFRS cases were reported in Fujian from 2016 to 2018, with a mean annual incidence rate of 1.02/100 000, and there were 2 deaths, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.17%. Most cases were observed in Nanping, Quanzhou, and Sanming cities. The cases were reported all year round, with the peaks in March to May and November to February, and the peak in spring was higher than that in winter. The high-risk population was young men, and the highest incidence rate was observed in men aged 65-70 years and women aged 60-65 years. A total of 12 854 effective cages were set in the surveillance sites of Fujian and 845 rodents were captured, with a mean density of rodents of 6.57%. A total of 845 lung samples were collected, among which 48 were positive, and the 3-year mean virus-carrying rat index was 0.06. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS in Fujian province tends to first decrease and then increase from 2016 to 2018, with high rodent density and virus-carrying rate, and there is still a risk of HFRS outbreak. It is recommended to adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures of vaccination and deratization.