螺栓孔的位置度误差对短精密螺栓连接结构装配力学特性的影响

Influence of position error of bolt hole on assembly mechanical characteristics of short precision bolted connection structure

为了研究螺栓孔的位置度误差对装配力学特性的影响,建立了考虑位置度误差的误差模型和有限元模型,研究了位置度误差对单个短精密螺栓连接结构的连接刚度和孔边应力的影响,建立了短精密螺栓组的位置度误差计算模型和有限元模型,分析了上、下被连接件的安装角度、第1颗螺栓的装入位置对短精密螺栓组结构的连接刚度的影响。研究发现:位置度误差对轴向刚度影响较小,对切向刚度影响显著,位置度误差在切向载荷方向的投影值是影响切向刚度的主要因素,螺栓孔的孔边应力在180°处达到最大,通过计算和比较位置度偏差的投影值与模长的标准差,得到了3种较优的螺栓装配方案。

In order to study the influence of position error of bolt hole on assembly mechanical characteristics, the error model and finite element model considering the position error were built, and the influences of position error on the connection stiffness and stress of bolt hole edge of single short precision bolted connection structure were studied. Computing model and finite model of position error of short precision bolt group were established, and the effects of assembly phases of two parts and assembly position of the 1 st bolt on connection stiffness of short precision bolt group were analyzed. It was concluded that position error had a small influence on axial stiffness, and a significant effect on tangential stiffness. The projection of position error in the direction of tangential load was a major influencing factor to the tangential stiffness, and the stress of bolt hole edge reached the maximum at the position of 180°. By computing and comparing standard deviation of the projection and length of position error, three better assembly plans of bolts were obtained.