东北黑土区侵蚀沟系统防治现状与未来

Present and future of systematic prevention and control for gully erosion in black soil area of Northeast China

东北侵蚀沟量大面广、灾害严重,对其进行系统防治对保障我国粮食、生态和国土安全意义重大,已成为国家黑土地保护与生态建设的重中之重。然而,限于气候地形条件和土地利用情势独特,治理起步较晚,东北侵蚀沟防治相关研究亟待加强。系统分析了东北侵蚀沟存量、分布、规律、成因,归纳总结了治理原则与措施,提炼了包含2种治理类别、8种主导功能的治理模式,并依据东北侵蚀沟特点及其防治中存在的问题,面向新时代国家生态文明建设需求,提出了未来7方面重点科技需求和8方面宏观对策手段,以期为黑土地保护提供借鉴。

There are many gullies in the black soil area of Northeast China,covering a wide area,and seriously affected by soil erosion.Effective prevention and control are great significance to food,ecology and land security.It has also become the top priority of black soil protection and ecological construction.However,due to the unique climatic and topographical conditions and land use situation,the control measurement started relatively late and related research on the prevention and control of gully erosion in the Northeast needs to be strengthened.The inventory,distribution,pattern,and causes of the gully erosion in the Northeast region are analyzed.The control principles and strategies,and refines 2 governance categories and 8 prevention and control models are summarized.Based on the characteristics of the gully erosion in the Northeast and their prevention and control problems,seven key demands for science and technology and 8 macro countermeasures in the future with the needs of the country’s ecological civilization construction in the new era,in order to provide a reference for black soil protection.