紫甜无核葡萄在吐鲁番地区的栽培特性研究

Study on Cultivation Characteristic of‘Zitian Seedless’Grape in Turpan Region

【目的】评价紫甜无核葡萄在吐鲁番地区的引种表现及赤霉素(GA3)对该品种果实品质的影响。【方法】2012-2020年进行紫甜无核葡萄引种栽培及制干试验,并与地方主栽品种进行栽培性状、制干特性比较;花后设置不同质量浓度GA3喷施处理,比较不同浓度GA3处理对紫甜无核葡萄果实品质的影响。【结果】紫甜无核葡萄在吐鲁番地区中晚熟,生长势中等,丰产、稳产,完全成熟紫黑至蓝黑色,果粒大小、着色一致,平均果穗质量634.62 g,平均果粒质量5.28 g,固酸比达55.94,外观和内在品质均优,丰富了该地区无核鲜食葡萄品种多样性,但制干出干率仅16.33%,显著低于地方主栽制干品种,饱满度和外观品质较差。花后GA3处理均能显著增大紫甜无核葡萄果穗、果粒质量及果梗粗度,显著降低可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、果皮中花色苷含量和红色葡萄果实色泽指数(GIRG)。其中,50 mg/L GA3处理果粒质量比对照增加21.76%,果皮中类黄酮含量增加34.03%;TSS含量、果皮中花色苷含量和CIRG比对照分别降低9.26%、25.52%和13.26%,相比高浓度GA3处理(150、100 mg/L)降幅均最低,且果粒着色一致,果穗紧密度适中,固酸比高、口感甜;而高浓度GA3(150、100 mg/L)处理的紫甜无核葡萄着色不良,果穗变紧密,口感变寡甜,整体品质降低。【结论】紫甜无核葡萄在吐鲁番地区栽培性状及果实品质表现优良,但制干特性不佳,作为鲜食葡萄在本地区具有较好的发展前景;花后10 d采用50 mg/L GA3处理可有效提高紫甜无核葡萄品质。

【Objective】The study was conducted to evaluate the introduction performance of‘Zitian seedless’grape in Turpan region and the effect of gibberellin(GA3)on the fruit quality of‘Zitian seedless’grape.【Method】The introduction,cultivation and drying experiment of‘Zitian seedless’grape were carried out from 2012 to 2020,and its cultivation characters and drying charateristics were compared with those of local main cultivars.Different mass concentrations of GA3 were sprayed after flowering and the effects of different concentrations of GA3 on the fruit quality of‘Zitian seedless’grape were compared.【Result】‘Zitian seedless’grape was a mid-late mature cultivar in Turpan region,with medium growth potential,high and stable yield,the fruit was purple black to blue-black when it was completely ripe,with uniform fruit size and coloring,the average culster mass and average grain mass were 634.62 g and 5.28 g respectively,and TSS/TA was 55.94.Such cultivar had excellent appearance and internal quality,which enriched the cultivar diversity of seedless table grapes in Turpan region,but the dry output rate was only 16.33%with poor plumpness and appearance quality,which was significantly lower than that of local main cultivars.Cluster mass,grain mass and pedicel coarseness were significant increased with GA3 treatments after flowering,while TSS content,anthocyanin content and GIRG were significant decreased.Under 50 mg/L GA3 treatment,the cluster mass was increased by 21.76%compared with CK,the content of flavonoids in pericarp increased by 34.03%,while contents of TSS and anthocyanins in pericarp and CIRG were decreased by 9.26%,25.52%,and 13.26%respectively compared with CK,and the decrease rates were minimum compared with 150 mg/L and 100 mg/L GA3 treatment.Under 50 mg/L GA3 treatment,fruit coloring was uniform,with moderate cluster density,high TSS/TA and sweet taste,while coloring of‘Zitian seedless’grape under 150 mg/L and 100 mg/L treatments was bad,with dense cluster,less sweet taste and overall quality reduction.【Conclusion】The cultivation characters and fruit quality of‘Zitian seedless’grape are good,but drying characteristics is poor,therefore,‘Zitian seedless’grape has better development prospects in Turpan region as table grape.Spraying 50 mg/L GA3 on the tenth day after flowering can effectively improve the quality of‘Zitian seedless’grape.