农户化肥减施意愿与行为研究进展

Research Progress in Farmers’Willingness and Behavior to Reduce Fertilizer Application

科学推进化肥减量任务是控制面源污染、推动乡村生态振兴、促进农业可持续发展的关键。通过梳理国内外相关文献发现,我国化肥过量施用现象仍普遍存在,化肥减施潜力大。农户作为我国化肥的主要施用者,也是环境污染防治过程中的主要参与者,但农户对过量施肥的认知不足,这增加了环境污染的风险。此外,农户化肥减施意愿与行为之间存在高意愿低行为现象,具体的影响因素可概括为四类:农地特征(如农地资源禀赋、农地流转与经营特征)、社会经济环境(如机械使用、技术培训)、个体家庭特征、农户认知水平与风险态度等。在我国农地流转市场不断完善,家庭农场等新型农业经营主体逐渐形成,以及测土配方施肥、有机肥替代化肥等减施新技术不断涌现的背景下,可从时间纵向或区域横向视角进一步探究农户行为意愿的动态变化,以引导农户减少化肥投入,实现农业可持续发展。

Chemical fertilizer reduction is the key to control non-point source pollution and promote rural ecological revitalization and agricultural sustainable development.It is found from the literature at home and abroad that phenomenon of excessive fertilizer application in China is common and reduction potential is large.As the main users of chemical fertilizers and participants in environmental pollution prevention and control,farmers are lack of awareness of this phenomenon,which increases the risk of environmental pollution.Furthermore,factors influencing the willingness and behavior of farmers to reduce fertilizer use include farmland characteristics(such as farmland resource endowment,farmland circulation and management),social-economic environment(such as machinery use,technical training),individual family characteristics,farmers’cognitive level and risk attitudes,etc.With the gradual improvement of agricultural land transfer market in China,emergence of new agricultural business entities such as family farms,new technologies such as soil testing and formula fertilization as well as organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer,dynamic changes of farmers’behavior and willingness can be further explored from the perspective of time vertical or regional horizontal so as to guide farmers to reduce fertilizer input and realize sustainable development of agriculture.